Abstract：Objective To analyze the cadmium level of main food, and to preliminarily assess the risk of dietary cadmium exposure among residents in Yantai. Methods A total of 925 samples of 10 kinds of food groups were collected from 14 counties (or districts) of Yantai. Cadmium contents in food were determined according to GB/T 5009.15—2003, and then the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI) and the margins of safety(MOS) of cadmium were calculated by combining the concentration of cadmium in foods with food consumption data. Results The concentration of cadmium in 10 kinds of food groups was 26.47 μg/kg. The concentration of cadmium in sea foods was 92.48 μg/kg, and that was the highest among the 10 kinds of food groups. The concentration of cadmium in pluck, flour and vegetables were 47.35, 33.25, 18.87 μg/kg respectively. Monthly dietary cadmium exposure quantity of flour, sea food, vegetable and rice was 295.70 μg, 38.11 μg, 32.09 μg and 10.87 μg, respectively. Flour as a most important contributor, contributed 76.09% of the total dietary cadmium exposure. Conclusion The average dietary cadmium exposure from the main food did not exceed the PTMI and the MOS was more than 1, so the level of dietary cadmium exposure is safe. However, based on the largest consumption of flour in Yantai and the high contribution rate of flour of dietary cadmium exposure, more attention should be paid to the possible cadmium contaminated wheat.
董峰光,宫春波,王朝霞,张桂芳,刘泽静,孙月琳. 烟台市居民主要膳食镉暴露风险评估[J]. 预防医学, 2016, 28(7): 662-665.
DONG Feng-guang, GONG Chun-bo, WANG Zhao-xia*,ZHANG Gui-fang,LIU ze-jing, SUN Yue-lin. Preliminary risk assessment on the dietary exposure of Cd in Yantai. Preventive Medicine, 2016, 28(7): 662-665.
[1]JI Y L,WANG H,LIU P,et al. Effects of maternal cadmium exposure during late pregnant period on testicular steroidogenesis in male offspring[J]. Toxicology Letters,2011, 205(1):69-78. [2]FRIEDMAN L S,LUKYANOVA E M,KUNDIEV Y I,et al. Anthropometric, environmental, and dietary predictors of elevated blood cadmium levels in Ukraine children: Ukraine ELSPAC group[J]. Environ Res, 2006, 102(1):83-89. [3]周景洋. 2002年山东省居民营养与健康状况调查[M]. 广州: 广东人民出版社, 2004:111. [4]Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.Summary and conclusions of the seventy-third meeting of joint FAO/WHO Expert committee on Food additives[R]. Geneva: FAO/WHO, 2010:1-17. [5]WHO.Second workshop on reliable evaluation of low-level contamination of food[R]. Rome: WHO, 1995. [6]张磊, 高俊全, 李筱薇. 2000年中国总膳食研究-不同性别年龄组人群膳食铅、镉摄入量[J]. 卫生研究, 2008, 37(3):338-342. [7]MORGANO M A, RABONATO L C,MILANI R F,et al. As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Hg in seafood species used for sashimi and evaluation of dietary exposure[J]. Food Control,2014,36(1):24-29. [8]JU Y R,CHEN W Y, LIAO C M,et al.Assessing human exposure risk to cadmium through inhalation and seafood consumption[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012,227-228:353-361. [9]赵瑾,黄久红,黄为红. 泰州市2005—2012年蔬菜中铅、镉污染状况分析[J].现代预防医学,2014, 41(10):1766-1768. [10]HU J L, WU F Y, WU S C, et al. Bioaccessibility, dietary exposure and human risk assessment of heavy metals from market vegetables in Hong Kong revealed with an in vitro gastrointestinal model[J]. Chemosphere,2013,91(4):455-461. [11]李杉,付鹏钰,周昇昇,等.2012年河南省面粉及其制品中铅镉污染状况监测分析[J].现代预防医学,2015, 42(14):2539-2542.
