The management of emerging infectious diseases has always been given a high priority in public health. Identification of the epidemiological characteristics and transmission patterns of emerging infectious diseases is of great significance to contain the disease transmission and reduce the damages to public health and socioeconomic developments. Currently, infectious disease dynamics models are mainly established based on infectious disease surveillance data to predict the epidemiological patterns and trends of emerging infectious diseases; however, many model-based predictions fail to achieve the expected results due to the presence of multiple uncertain factors during the integrated management of infectious diseases. This review describes the basic principles and variables of common infectious disease dynamics models, including the susceptible-infected-recovered ( SIR ) model, susceptible-infected-removed-susceptible ( SIRS ) model, susceptible-exposed-infected-removed ( SEIR ) model and improved SEIR model, compares the advantages and disadvantages of these models, and summarizes the advances of the infectious disease dynamics models in the prediction of trends in incidence of emerging infectious diseases, so as to provide insights into the effective application of infectious disease dynamics models in the management of infectious diseases.

The aging process is increasingly accelerating in China, and the improvement of health literacy is a prerequisite to achieving health for all, and is an important strategy to promote healthy aging. Based on recent studies pertaining to health literacy among the elderly, this review, from the perspective of aging, summarizes the level and common influencing factors of health literacy among Chinese elderly populations, and discusses the health literacy promotion strategies among the elderly, so as to provide insights into improving the health literacy surveillance and promotion quality and health literacy levels among the elderly.

Eating behaviors are closely related to obesity and nutrition-related diseases. Many foreign countries have developed their own scales for adult eating behaviors assessment according to dietary habits and cultures, and the system is well improved; however, the research on adult eating behavior assessment in China is still in the initial stage, which focuses on the revision and application of foreign scales with few self-developed ones. This paper mainly discusses the development and application of adult eating behavior scales at home and abroad, and provides reference for the selection and development of adult eating behavior assessment tools.

Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out, the world has accelerated the development of preventive vaccines. By December 2020, 60 candidate vaccines have been approved for clinical trials, of which 7 vaccines, including 3 inactivated vaccines, 2 mRNA vaccines and 2 vector vaccines, have been authorized for emergency use or conditional marketing. In this paper, we reviewed the development progress in inactivated vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, vector vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, attenuated vaccines and virus-like particle vaccines, as well as advantages and disadvantages of these vaccines. The studies showed that the vaccines against COVID-19 in phase III clinical trials had good safety and immunogenicity, and those authorized vaccines were declared to have good efficacy. However, attention should be paid to the adverse reactions of the vaccines and the long-term protective effects, in order to improve the immunization strategy for the control of COVID-19 epidemic.

The diabetic complications involve blood vessels, eye, kidney and foot, and cause high disability and mortality, which severely endanger human health and quality of life. Epidemiological data have shown that the mortality of diabetes appears a tendency towards a rise in China, which results in a high burden of disease, and early screening and interventions are urgently needed to reduce the risk of mortality. Based on the publications of mortality due to diabetes in China from 2010 to 2021, this review summarizes the epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mortality and the main causes of deaths due to diabetes in China, so as to provide insights into management of diabetes epidemics and reduction in risk of diabetes mortality.

Microplastics refer to plastic fibers, particles or films less than 5 millimeters, as a new type of environmental pollutants, whose pollution situation and toxic effects have attracted extensive attention. Microplastics are widely distributed in the atmosphere, water and soil, and are enriched in organism through gastrointestinal tract ingestion, respiratory tract inhalation and skin contact. Microplastics can induce cytotoxicity, damage tissues and organs, and cause compound health hazards. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the exposure pathways, health hazards and mechanisms of microplastics in organisms, in order to provide reference for the studies into the environmental health hazards of microplastics.