Eating behaviors are closely related to obesity and nutrition-related diseases. Many foreign countries have developed their own scales for adult eating behaviors assessment according to dietary habits and cultures, and the system is well improved; however, the research on adult eating behavior assessment in China is still in the initial stage, which focuses on the revision and application of foreign scales with few self-developed ones. This paper mainly discusses the development and application of adult eating behavior scales at home and abroad, and provides reference for the selection and development of adult eating behavior assessment tools.

The management of emerging infectious diseases has always been given a high priority in public health. Identification of the epidemiological characteristics and transmission patterns of emerging infectious diseases is of great significance to contain the disease transmission and reduce the damages to public health and socioeconomic developments. Currently, infectious disease dynamics models are mainly established based on infectious disease surveillance data to predict the epidemiological patterns and trends of emerging infectious diseases; however, many model-based predictions fail to achieve the expected results due to the presence of multiple uncertain factors during the integrated management of infectious diseases. This review describes the basic principles and variables of common infectious disease dynamics models, including the susceptible-infected-recovered ( SIR ) model, susceptible-infected-removed-susceptible ( SIRS ) model, susceptible-exposed-infected-removed ( SEIR ) model and improved SEIR model, compares the advantages and disadvantages of these models, and summarizes the advances of the infectious disease dynamics models in the prediction of trends in incidence of emerging infectious diseases, so as to provide insights into the effective application of infectious disease dynamics models in the management of infectious diseases.

Microplastics refer to plastic fibers, particles or films less than 5 millimeters, as a new type of environmental pollutants, whose pollution situation and toxic effects have attracted extensive attention. Microplastics are widely distributed in the atmosphere, water and soil, and are enriched in organism through gastrointestinal tract ingestion, respiratory tract inhalation and skin contact. Microplastics can induce cytotoxicity, damage tissues and organs, and cause compound health hazards. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the exposure pathways, health hazards and mechanisms of microplastics in organisms, in order to provide reference for the studies into the environmental health hazards of microplastics.

Pneumonia is a common lower respiratory tract infection, which causes a large disease and economic burden worldwide, and is an important public health problem to be solved urgently. Based on review of publications pertaining to the epidemiology of pneumonia from 2013 to 2023, this article summaries the epidemiological characteristics and main influencing factors of pneumonia. It is found that the epidemiological characteristics of pneumonia vary in different areas; men, the elderly and children are the high-risk groups of pneumonia incidence and mortality; and age, smoking, alcohol consumption, air pollution, comorbidity and vaccination are the main factors affecting the incidence and mortality of pneumonia. Strengthening health education, reducing exposure to risk factors and promoting vaccination are recommended to lower the morbidity and mortality of pneumonia in susceptible populations.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by long course, poor prognosis, multiple complications and high cost of treatment, thus it has become a major public health problem. Based on review of publications pertaining to the epidemiological study of CKD from February 2002 to March 2023, this article summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, prevention and control strategies of CKD. It is found that China has the largest number of adult patients with CKD in Asia, and the prevalence of CKD is higher among females and elderly people. The influencing factors for CKD include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension and coronavirus disease 2019. Henceforth, it is of vital importance to emphasize three levels of prevention and optimize the CKD management, so as to support for prevention and control of CKD.

Obesity is a major global public health problem. Long-term sleep deprivation has been identified as a major risk factor of obesity among adults, and oversleeping is found to correlate with the increased risk of obesity. Based on systematic reviews, meta-analysis and prospective cohort studies of the association between sleep and obesity among adults published during the period between 2017 and April, 2022, this review summarizes the direct impact of sleep on obesity among adults, the improvements of adult obesity by sleep and the immune, endocrine, energy metabolism, dietary habit and psychological mechanisms of obesity affected by sleep, so as to provide insights into the development of interventions against adult obesity.

Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out, the world has accelerated the development of preventive vaccines. By December 2020, 60 candidate vaccines have been approved for clinical trials, of which 7 vaccines, including 3 inactivated vaccines, 2 mRNA vaccines and 2 vector vaccines, have been authorized for emergency use or conditional marketing. In this paper, we reviewed the development progress in inactivated vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, vector vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, attenuated vaccines and virus-like particle vaccines, as well as advantages and disadvantages of these vaccines. The studies showed that the vaccines against COVID-19 in phase III clinical trials had good safety and immunogenicity, and those authorized vaccines were declared to have good efficacy. However, attention should be paid to the adverse reactions of the vaccines and the long-term protective effects, in order to improve the immunization strategy for the control of COVID-19 epidemic.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2022, so as to provide insights into improving STDs prevention and control strategies. Methods Data of syphilis, gonorrhea, condyloma acuminatum, genital herpes and genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections reported in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2022 were collected from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The temporal, spatial and population distribution of STDs were analyzed, and the trends in incidence of STDs were evaluated using annual percent change (APC). Results A total of 386 770 STDs cases were reported in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2022, with mean annual reported incidence of 127.80/10⁵. The mean annual reported incidence from high to low was syphilis (44.11/10⁵), genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections (40.20/10⁵), gonorrhea (24.92/10⁵), condyloma acuminatum (13.32/10⁵), and genital herpes (5.34/10⁵). The incidence of STDs appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2018 to 2022 (APC=-9.332%, P<0.05), with an average annual growth rate of -9.41%. Syphilis (APC=-11.536%, P<0.05), condyloma acuminatum (APC=-7.509%, P<0.05), and genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections (APC=-9.009%, P<0.05) showed a appeared a tendency towards a decline. The top three highest reported incidence were reported in Hangzhou City (185.98/10⁵), Taizhou City (133.85/10⁵) and Lishui City (122.73/10⁵), respectively. The mean annual reported incidence of females was higher than that of males (140.60/10⁵ vs. 117.83/10⁵; P<0.05). Most STDs cases were at ages of 20 to 49 years (265 314 cases, 68.60%). Farmers (118 096 cases, 30.53%), household and unemployed personnel (85 924 cases, 22.22%) were the predominant occupation. Conclusions The incidence of STDs appeared a tendency towards a decline in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2022, with regional differences in incidence. People at ages of 20 to 49 years, farmers, household and unemployed personnel are high-risk populations for STDs.