Objective To observe the preventive effect of alkaline drinking water on hyperuricemia in mice. Methods Sixty male SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups: pH 7.3, pH 8.0, pH 9.3 intervention groups, in which the mice were given water with pH values of 7.3±0.5, 8.0±0.5 and 9.3±0.6, respectively; the control group, model group and positive drug group ( with 2 g/L allopurinol ) were given double distilled water. Except for the control group, the mice in each group were given yeast by gavage ( 1.5 g/mL ) for 13 days. On the 14th day, the mice were injected with 300 mg/kg potassium oxyzinate by intraperitoneal injection, and then fasted for 1 day. On the 16th day, serum uric acid, creatinine and urea nitrogen were detected, and renal tissues were stained to observe the morphology. The expression levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin ( NGAL ), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1

Objective To investigate the association between body mass index ( BMI ) and mortality risk among older Chinese based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study ( CHARLS ). Methods The demographic features, BMI, prevalence of chronic diseases and mortality among the elderly at ages of 60 years and greater were captured from the CHARLS database from 2011 to 2018. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine the association between BMI and the risk of death. Results Totally 6 023 subjects were enrolled, including 3 006 men ( 50.09% ) and 3 017 women ( 49.91% ), and 68.69% of the participants ( 4 137 subjects ) were at ages of 60 to 69 years. There were 637 subjects ( 10.58% ) with underweight, 1 544 ( 25.63% ) with overweight, and 557 ( 9.25% ) with obesity. During the follow-up period ( 35 091 person-years ), 1 035 subjects died. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed an increased risk of mortality among the underweight elderly ( HR=1.496, 95%CI: 1.261-1.775 ) and a reduced risk of mortality among the obese elderly ( HR=0.671, 95%CI: 0.511-0.881 ) relative to the elderly with normal weight, after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, household registration, administration of anti-diabetic drugs, administration of anti-dyslipidemia drugs, and administration of anti-hypertensive drugs. Conclusion It is found that the risk of mortality among the Chinese elderly correlatives with BMI through the analysis of CHARLS data.

Objective To investigate the migration characteristics and follow-up treatment among HIV/AIDS patients after HIV confirmation in Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide insights into the optimization of the HIV/AIDS control strategy among floating populations. Methods The reported HIV/AIDS patients' demographics, follow-up and treatment data in Yiwu City from 2016 to 2020 were captured from the HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Information System of Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The migration characteristics, antiretroviral therapy and outcomes of HIV/AIDS patients were analyzed after HIV confirmation, and the factors affecting the migration of HIV/AIDS patients after HIV confirmation were identified using a Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results A total of 1 189 HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled, including 988 men (83.10%) and 806 cases without Zhejiang provincial household registration (67.79%). There were 441 patients (37.09%) migrating out of Yiwu City after HIV confirmation, with a migration rate of 17.73/100 person-years, and there were 366 patients migrating out of Zhejiang Province, with a cross-province migration rate of 30.78%. Among participants without Zhejiang provincial household registration, 395 patients (49.01%) migrated out of Yiwu City, including 337 patients (85.32%) returning to their household registration provinces, which mainly included Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou and Hunan. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed a high risk of migration among minority ethnic populations (HR=1.375, 95%CI: 1.044-1.811), retires (HR=3.605, 95%CI: 1.771-7.335), students (HR=8.969, 95%CI: 4.095-19.645), patients without Zhejiang provincial household registration (HR=4.545, 95%CI: 3.164-6.529) and patients identified through physical examination of floating populations or employees (HR=1.318, 95%CI: 1.006-1.727), and a low risk among married patients with spouses (HR=0.721, 95%CI: 0.569-0.913) and with an educational level of junior high school and above (HR: 0.428~0.753, 95%CI: 0.280-0.952). Among all floating HIV/AIDS patients, there were 26 cases lost to follow-up (5.90%) and 49 deaths (11.11%). In addition, the proportion of absence of antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection progressing into AIDS patients and failure in HIV inhibition were all greater among floating HIV/AIDS patients than among non-floating patients (P<0.05). Conclusions A high risk of migration was found among HIV/AIDS patients without Zhejiang provincial household registration, unmarried patients, patients with a low education level, retirees, students, and patients identified through physical examination of floating populations or employees in Yiwu City from 2016 to 2020, and migration does not facilitate the sustainability of antiretroviral therapy and follow-up, which may affect the prognosis of HIV/AIDS.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease and infection is one of the most common complications and death causes of SLE. Vaccination is an effective tool for prevention of infections among SLE patients. This expert consensus was achieved by the Rheumatic Disease Prevention and Control Committee, Zhejiang Preventive Medical Association on the prevention of infections with vaccines, types of vaccines, vaccination timing, efficacy and safety of vaccines and impact of therapeutic agents for SLE on vaccinations to guide the rheumatologists and vaccination professionals for scientific and standardized vaccinations among SLE patients, so as to prevent infection and improve quality of life among SLE patients.

Objective To establish a prediction model of herpangina epidemic trend based on Baidu index and hand, foot and mouth disease, so as to provide insights into analyses of communicable disease epidemics with limited or missing surveillance data. Methods The incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease in Zhejiang Province during the period from the first week of 2015 through the 39th week of 2021 was retrieved from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Baidu index of hand, foot and mouth disease and herpangina was collected via the Baidu search engine during the same period. The correlation between the Baidu index and time series of hand, foot and mouth disease was examined using wavelet analysis. In addition, a random forest training model was created based on the Baidu index and incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease, and the fitting effectiveness was evaluated using the mean percentage error, while the Baidu index of herpangina was included in the model to predict the epidemic trend of herpangina during the study period. Results The Baidu index of herpangina and hand, foot and mouth disease, and the Baidu index and incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease all appeared two peaks at the 26th and 52th week. The phase difference was less than 0.1 week between the Baidu index and time series of hand, foot and mouth disease, and the mean percentage error of the training model was 13.07%, with high concordance between the predicted number and actual report number of cases with hand, foot and mouth disease. The numbers of herpangina cases were predicted to be 28 822, 27 341, 28 422, 51 782, 52 457 and 5 691 from 2015 to 2020, and there were totally 48 702 herpangina cases reported until the 39th week of 2021. Like hand, foot and mouth disease, the incidence of herpangina peaked between May and July. Conclusion The random forest training model based on the Baidu index and incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease is feasible to predict the epidemic trend of herpangina.

Objective To explore the mediating effect of sleep quality on mobile phone dependence and loneliness in university students, so as to provide evidence for prevention and intervention of mobile phone dependence. Methods A survey was conducted from December 2019 and January 2020 among the students of Guangzhou Medical University. The general information questionnaire, mobile phone dependence index scale, UCLA loneliness scale and Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale were used to analyze the mediating effects of sleep quality on mobile phone dependence and loneliness. Results A total of 575 questionnaires were distributed and 573 valid ones were collected, with an efficiency of 99.65%. The detection rate of 115 students with mobile phone dependence was 20.07%, and that of 203 students with sleep quality problems was 35.43%. The students scored ( 48.03±6.07 ) points in loneliness, and 405 of them had high level. Mobile phone dependence was positively correlated with loneliness and sleep quality ( r=0.299, 0.385, both P<0.05 ); loneliness was positively correlated with sleep quality ( r=0.553, P<0.05 ). Mobile phone dependence and sleep quality both could positively predict loneliness, mobile phone dependence could positively predict sleep quality, and sleep quality and gender had a significant interaction effect on loneliness ( all P<0.05 ). The mediating effect value of sleep quality on mobile phone dependence and loneliness was 0.290 ( 95%CI: 0.186-0.400 ) in males and 0.131 ( 95%CI: 0.084-0.187 ) in females. Conclusion Sleep quality has a mediating effect on mobile phone dependence and loneliness among university students. Male students are susceptible to the negative effects of mobile phone dependence.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in a centralized isolation site for people entering China in Huzhou City of Zhejiang Province from December 18, 2021 to January 12, 2022, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of overseas imported COVID-19. Methods The basic characteristics, nucleic acid detection and epidemiological investigations were collected from individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in a centralized isolation site for people entering China from December 18, 2021 to January 12, 2022, and the temporal distribution, population distribution, source of importation, and virus typing were descriptively analyzed. Results From December 18, 2021 to January 12, 2022, a total of 2 974 individuals in 19 flights were recorded in this centralized isolation site, and 33 cases were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, including 21 confirmed cases with common type, 9 confirmed cases with mild type, and 3 cases with asymptomatic infections. There were 11 cases with Omicron infections ( 33.33% ), 5 cases with Delta infections ( 15.15% ), and 17 cases with infection of unidentified types ( 51.52% ). The median interval ( interquartile range ) from the time of entry to the time of a positive test was 4.0 ( 7.0 ) days among all positive cases, 0 ( 4.0 ) day among cases with Omicron infections and 4.5 ( 8.5 ) days among cases with infections of Delta and unidentified types. The positive cases had a mean age of ( 36.97±8.58 ) years, and included 27 men (81.82%). There were 30 cases ( 90.91% ) receiving two and more doses of COVID-19 vaccines, and 7 cases ( 21.21% ) with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infections. There were 19 cases ( 57.58% ) from African countries, and 7 of 11 cases with Omicron infections were imported from African countries. Conclusion Omicron infection was predominant among individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in this centralized isolation site for people entering China from December 18, 2021 to January 12, 2022, with no severe cases detected, and most positive cases were imported from African countries.

Objective To evaluate the association of smoking with the risk of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods A total of 16 383 186 AS-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 378 smoking initiation associated SNPs and 126 lifetime smoking score-associated SNPs were collected from three large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The association of smoking phenotypes with the risk of AS was examined using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) with AS as a outcome variable, smoking initiation and lifetime smoking score as exposure factors and SNPs with strong associations with smoking as instrumental variables, and sensitivity analyses were performed with maximum likelihood-based method, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test and MR-Egger regression analysis. Results A 33.5% increased risk of AS was found among genetically predicted smokers relative to non-smokers (OR=1.335, 95%CI: 1.059-1.682), and an increase in predicted lifetime smoking by per standard deviation resulted in a 101.4% increased risk of AS (OR=2.014, 95%CI: 1.341-3.024). The maximum likelihood-based method and MR-PRESSO test showed consistent correlated effect estimations and MR-Egger regression analysis identified no evidence of pleiotropy. Conclusion It is genetically predicted that smoking is associated with an increased risk of AS.

Objective To explore the reform of the operating mechanism of centers for disease control and prevention ( CDCs ) in the new era, and to put forward recommendations. Methods We collected the financial investment and staffing of CDCs in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2020 through China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and Zhejiang Health Statistical Yearbook. We conducted a questionnaire survey among 620 staffs selected by convenience sampling, and a qualitative interview among 40 leaders and experts from CDCs and general hospitals in Zhejiang Province. Results By the year 2020, there were 105 CDCs in Zhejiang Province, including 1 province-level, 11 prefecture-level, 90 county-level and 3 development zone-level ones. The revenues were mainly from financial subsidy and business incomes, which were over expenditures. There were 7 008 posts in CDCs, with a staffing allocation ratio of 1.29/10 000. Among the reform measures of operation mechanism of CDCs, the flexible communication between clinicians and public health doctors was highly approved (90.03%); among the reform measures of enhancing the integration of prevention and treatment, further clarifying the public health functions of hospitals and ensuring financial compensation was highly approved (74.01%). Conclusion We should further stimulate the endogenous power and vitality of CDCs, strengthen the construction of talent team, promote the active integration of hospitals and CDCs, and improve public health level.

Recent years have witnessed more attention paid to the health effects of the natural radionuclide ²²⁶Ra, and a series of research carried out on the detection methods of ²²⁶Ra at home and abroad. The common ²²⁶Ra detection methods are emanation scintillation, gamma spectrometry, liquid scintillation counting, alpha spectrometry and alpha counting. Emanation scintillation is mature enough as a classical method, while gamma spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting proceed fast. Due to the radiation of ²²⁶Ra, these detection methods still have the problems such as the requirement for large samples, long detection periods, complicated steps, high detection limits and low recovery rates. This paper reviews the five methods above and summarize their advantages and disadvantages, so as to provide the reference for selecting and optimizing the detection methods for different samples as well as perfecting the standard method in China.