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预防医学  2022, Vol. 34 Issue (7): 710-714    DOI: 10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2022.07.013
  疾病监测 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
大气PM2.5与呼吸系统、心脑血管疾病急救病例数的相关性研究
徐琪1, 叶辉2, 朱冰3, 傅华萍1
1.杭州市急救中心急救科,浙江 杭州 310021;
2.杭州市生态环境监测中心,浙江 杭州 310007;
3.杭州市疾病预防控制中心,浙江 杭州 310021
Correlation between atmospheric PM2.5 and emergency call for respiratory and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases
XU Qi1, YE Hui2, ZHU Bing3, FU Huaping1
1. Department of Emergency, Hangzhou Emergency Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China;
2. Hangzhou Center for Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China;
3. Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
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摘要 目的 探讨大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)与呼吸系统疾病和心脑血管疾病急救病例数的相关性。方法 通过杭州市急救中心收集2018—2020年每日呼吸系统疾病和心脑血管疾病急救病例数;通过杭州市生态环境监测中心收集同期日均气温、日均相对湿度、PM2.5、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、二氧化硫(SO2)等气象和大气污染物资料;采用广义相加模型分析PM2.5与呼吸系统和心脑血管疾病急救病例数的相关性,采用超额危险度(ER)及其95%CI作为风险估计值。结果 2018—2020年杭州市呼吸系统疾病和心脑血管疾病每日急救病例数[MQR)]分别为14(12)和20(7)例,PM2.5日均质量浓度为 29.77(21.32)μg/m3。PM2.5累积暴露5 d或6 d时对呼吸系统急救病例数的影响最大,PM2.5质量浓度每升高10 μg/m3,呼吸系统疾病急救病例数增加1.93%(95%CI:0.76%~3.11%);PM2.5累积暴露4 d时对心脑血管疾病急救病例数的影响最大,PM2.5质量浓度每升高10 μg/m3,心脑血管疾病急救病例数增加1.88%(95%CI:0.80%~2.97%)。PM2.5累积暴露7 d时对≥60岁居民呼吸系统疾病急救病例数的影响最大,PM2.5质量浓度每升高10 μg/m3,急救病例数增加4.37%(95%CI:2.70%~6.06%);PM2.5累积暴露4 d时对≥60岁居民心脑血管疾病急救病例数的影响最大,PM2.5质量浓度每升高10 μg/m3,急救病例数增加2.24%(95%CI:0.97%~3.52%);PM2.5对<60岁居民呼吸系统和心脑血管疾病急救病例数未产生明显影响。结论 大气PM2.5质量浓度升高可导致居民呼吸系统和心脑血管疾病日急救病例数增加,尤其对60岁及以上居民影响较明显。
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关键词 PM2.5呼吸系统疾病心脑血管疾病急救    
AbstractObjective To examine the correlation between atmospheric PM2.5 and emergency call for respiratory diseases. Methods The daily emergency call for respiratory and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases was collected from Hangzhou Emergency Medical Center from 2018 to 2020, and meteorological and atmospheric pollutant data were collected from Hangzhou Municipal Center for Ecological and Environmental Monitoring during the same period, including daily mean air temperature, daily mean relative humidity, PM2.5, PM10 and SO2 levels. The correlation between atmospheric PM2.5 and emergency call for respiratory and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases was examined using a generalized additive model, and the risk of emergency call was predicted using excessive risk (ER) and its 95%CI. Results The daily mean emergency call was 14 (interquartile range, 12) cases for respiratory diseases and 20 (interquartile range, 7) cases for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in Hangzhou City from 2018 to 2020, and the daily mean PM2.5 mass concentration was 29.77 (interquartile range, 21.32) μg/m3. Cumulative exposure to PM2.5 for 5 or 6 d caused the largest effect on the emergency call for respiratory diseases, and an increase in PM2.5 by 10 μg/m3 led to a 1.93% (95%CI: 0.76%-3.11%) rise in the emergency call for respiratory diseases. Cumulative exposure to PM2.5 for 4 d caused the largest effect on the emergency call for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, and an increase in PM2.5 by 10 μg/m3 led to a 1.88% (95%CI: 0.80%-2.97%) rise in the emergency call for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Cumulative exposure to PM2.5 for 7 d caused the largest effect on the emergency call for respiratory diseases among residents aged 60 years and older, and an increase in PM2.5 by 10 μg/m3 led to a 4.37% (95%CI: 2.70%-6.06%) rise in the emergency call for respiratory diseases. Cumulative exposure to PM2.5 for 4 d caused the largest effect on the emergency call for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases among residents aged 60 years and older, and an increase in PM2.5 by 10 μg/m3 led to a 2.44% (95%CI: 0.97%-3.52%) rise in the emergency call for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However, exposure to PM2.5 had no marked effects on emergency call for respiratory or cardio-cerebrovascular diseases among residents aged <60 years. Conclusions Elevated atmospheric PM2.5 mass concentration may lead to an increase in the daily emergency calls for respiratory and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, notably among residents aged 60 years and older.
Key wordsPM2.5    respiratory disease    cardio-cerebrovascular disease    emergency healthcare
收稿日期: 2022-03-07      修回日期: 2022-05-21      出版日期: 2022-07-10
中图分类号:  R122.7  
通信作者: 徐琪,E-mail:102684048@qq.com   
作者简介: 徐琪,本科,主管护师,主要从事院前急救、护理管理等工作
引用本文:   
徐琪, 叶辉, 朱冰, 傅华萍. 大气PM2.5与呼吸系统、心脑血管疾病急救病例数的相关性研究[J]. 预防医学, 2022, 34(7): 710-714.
XU Qi, YE Hui, ZHU Bing, FU Huaping. Correlation between atmospheric PM2.5 and emergency call for respiratory and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Preventive Medicine, 2022, 34(7): 710-714.
链接本文:  
http://www.zjyfyxzz.com/CN/10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2022.07.013      或      http://www.zjyfyxzz.com/CN/Y2022/V34/I7/710
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