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| Characteristics and trends of drowning mortality among Chinese residents from 2010 to 2021 |
| WANG Jie1, SUN Nenghong2, MU Hongjie1, WANG Yun1, GAO Zhe1, LÜ Juncheng1
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1. School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China;
2. Weifang People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, China |
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Abstract Objective To analyze the characteristics and trends of drowning mortality among Chinese residents from 2010 to 2021, so as to provide a basis for developing targeted prevention strategies and reducing the burden of drowning deaths. Methods Data on drowning mortality among Chinese residents from 2010 to 2021 were collected from the China Cause of Death Surveillance Dataset (2010-2021). The crude mortality was calculated and then standardized using the data from the Sixth National Population Census in 2010. The characteristics of drowning mortality were analyzed by genders, regions, and ages. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was employed to assess the trend in drowning mortality. Results From 2010 to 2021, the overall crude drowning mortality among Chinese residents was 3.53/105, with a standardized mortality of 3.34/105, both showed decreasing trends (AAPC=-2.438% and -3.739%, both P<0.05). The crude and standardized mortality were higher in males than in females (4.55/105 vs. 2.47/105, 4.43/105 vs. 2.16/105, both P<0.05). Both the crude drowning mortality (AAPC=-2.974% and -1.337%) and standardized drowning mortality (AAPC=-3.806% and -3.599%) among males and females showed decreasing trends, respectively (all P<0.05). The crude and standardized drowning mortality were higher in rural residents than in urban residents (4.13/105 vs. 2.35/105, 3.86/105 vs. 2.27/105, both P<0.05). Both the crude and standardized drowning mortality in rural residents showed decreasing trends (AAPC=-3.343% and -4.515%, both P<0.05), whereas no statistically significant trends were observed in urban residents (both P>0.05). Both the crude and standardized drowning mortality were higher in western residents than in eastern residents and central residents (4.30/105 vs. 2.89/105 and 3.66/105, 4.14/105 vs. 2.64/105 and 3.49/105, all P<0.05). The standardized mortality showed decreasing trends in eastern, central and western residents (AAPC=-3.237%, -2.344%, and -5.467%, all P<0.05). The groups aged ≥65 years and 1-<5 years experienced relatively high crude drowning mortality of 8.81/105 and 7.38/105, respectively. Decreasing trends were observed in groups aged <1 year, 1-<5 years, and 5-<15 years (AAPC=-14.126%, -11.452%, and -7.443%, all P<0.05). In contrast, no statistically significant trends were observed in the other age groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions The overall drowning mortality rate among Chinese residents showed a declining trend from 2010 to 2021. However, the risks of drowning mortality remained relatively high among males, rural residents, residents in the western region, children, and the elderly.
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Received: 06 August 2025
Revised: 29 September 2025
Published: 20 November 2025
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