吴兴区6岁以下儿童手足口病流行特征分析

doi:10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2023.03.013

预防医学

2023, Vol. 35

Issue (3): 243-245,249 DOI: 10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2023.03.013

疾病控制

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吴兴区6岁以下儿童手足口病流行特征分析

钱晓萍, 凌健, 刘腾

湖州市吴兴区疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,浙江湖州 313000

Epidemiological features of hand, foot, and mouth disease among children under 6 years in Wuxing District

QIAN Xiaoping, LING Jian, LIU Teng

Department of Immunization Planning, Wuxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China

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摘要目的了解2013—2021年湖州市吴兴区6岁以下儿童手足口病的流行特征,为儿童手足口病防控提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2013—2021年湖州市吴兴区6岁以下儿童手足口病病例资料和肠道病毒71型（EV71）疫苗接种资料,描述性分析儿童手足口病病例的时间、人群、地区分布特征和病原学检测结果。结果 2013—2021年吴兴区共报告6岁以下手足口病病例14 272例,年均发病率为465.75/万。其中男童8 313例,发病率为522.39/万;女童5 959例,发病率为404.55/万。男童发病率高于女童（χ²=239.228,P<0.001）。1~3岁儿童发病数较多,10 006例占70.11%。每年的2个发病高峰分别为5—7月和10—12月。织里镇、杨家埠街道和八里店镇发病率较高,分别为741.50/万、546.99/万和438.68/万。实验室确诊病例717例,占5.02%;其中EV71阳性106例,占14.78%;CoxA16阳性177例,占24.69%。2017—2021年吴兴区共接种EV71疫苗56 288剂次,年均全程接种率为14.87%;EV71疫苗接种后检出EV71阳性占4.49%,高于接种前的24.93%（χ²=62.932,P<0.001）。结论吴兴区6岁以下儿童手足口病冬季和夏季高发,以1~3岁低年龄段发病为主,织里镇、杨家埠街道和八里店镇发病率高,EV71疫苗推广接种后EV71阳性病例较接种前明显减少。

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关键词 ：手足口病, 儿童, 流行特征, 肠道病毒71型疫苗

Abstract：Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot, and-mouth disease (HFMD) among children under 6 years in Wuxing District, Huzhou City from 2013 to 2021, so as to provide insights into HFMC control among children. Methods The surveillance on HFMD and enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccination among children under 6 years in Wuxing District, Huzhou City from 2013 to 2021 were captured from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the temporal, human and spatial distributions of HFMD cases and pathogenic detection results were descriptively analyzed. Results A total of 14 272 HFMD cases under 6 years were reported in Wuxing District from 2013 to 2021, with an average annual incidence rate of 465.75/10⁴. There were 8 313 male children with HFMD (522.39/10⁴ incidence) and 5 959 female children with HFMD (404.55/10⁴ incidence), and higher incidence of HFMD was seen among male children than among female children (χ²=239.228, P<0.001). Most HFMD cases were found among children at ages of 1 to 3 years (10 006 cases, 70.11%), and the incidence of HFMD peaked during the period between May and July and between October and December each year. High incidence of HFMD was seen in Zhili Township (741.50/10⁴), Yangjiabu Street (546.99/10⁴) and Balidian Township (438.68/10⁴). There were 717 laboratory-confirmed HFMD cases (5.02%), including 106 EV71-positive cases (14.78%) and 177 CoxA16-positive cases (24.69%). A total of 56 288 doses of EV71 vaccines were administered in Wuxing District from 2017 to 2021, with an annual average full-dose vaccination rate of 14.87%. The detection of EV71 infection was significantly lower after EV71 vaccination than before vaccination (4.49% vs. 24.93%; χ²=62.932, P<0.001). Conclusions The incidence of HFMD peaks in summer and winter among children under 6 years in Wuxing District, which predominantly occurs among children at ages of 1 to 3 years. The incidence of HFMD is high in Zhili Township, Yangjiabu Street and Balidian Township, and the number of EV71-positive cases significantly reduces after EV71 vaccination than before vaccination.

Key words： hand foot and mouth disease child epidemiological characteristics enterovirus 71 vaccine

收稿日期: 2022-11-04 修回日期: 2023-01-13 出版日期: 2023-03-10

中图分类号:

R725.1

作者简介: 钱晓萍,本科,副主任医师,主要从事免疫规划和传染病防控工作

引用本文:

钱晓萍, 凌健, 刘腾. 吴兴区6岁以下儿童手足口病流行特征分析[J]. 预防医学, 2023, 35(3): 243-245,249.
QIAN Xiaoping, LING Jian, LIU Teng. Epidemiological features of hand, foot, and mouth disease among children under 6 years in Wuxing District. Preventive Medicine, 2023, 35(3): 243-245,249.

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