Abstract:Small for gestational age ( SGA ),one of the major adverse pregnancy outcomes, significantly increases the risk of perinatal death and metabolic diseases in adulthood. It is of great significance to strengthen early surveillance and intervention for SGA prevention. Dyslipidemia during pregnancy, as a common metabolic disorder, has been considered to correlate with the increased risk of SGA; however, the epidemiological evidence is still controversial. We have systematically reviewed the recent studies related to the association between serum lipid level during pregnancy and the risk of SGA, so as to provide reference for prevention and intervention of SGA.
[1] ACOG Practice Bulletin No.204:Fetal Growth Restriction[J].Obstet Gynecol,2019,133(2):e97-e109. [2] DING G,TIAN Y,ZHANG Y,et al.Application of a global reference for fetal-weight and birthweight percentiles in predicting infant mortality[J].BJOG,2013,120(13):1613-1621. [3] SHAIKH F,KJØLLLESDAL M K,CARSLAKE D,et al.Birthweight in offspring and cardiovascular mortality in their parents,aunts and uncles: a family-based cohort study of 1.35 million births[J].Int J Epidemiol,2020,49(1):205-215. [4] MORKEN N H,HALLAND F,DEROO L A,et al.Offspring birthweight by gestational age and parental cardiovascular mortality: a population-based cohort study[J].BJOG,2018,125(3):336-341. [5] SILVERBERG O,PARK A L,COHEN E,et al.Premature cardiac disease and death in women whose infant was preterm and small for gestational age:a retrospective cohort study[J]. JAMA Cardiol,2018,3(3):247-251. [6] KATZ J,LEE A C,KOZUKI N,et al.Mortality risk in preterm and small for-gestational-age infants in low-income and middle-income countries:a pooled country analysis[J].Lancet,2013,382(9890):417-425. [7] ALTMAN M,EDSTEDT BONAMY A K,WIKSTROM A K,et al.Cause-specific infant mortality in a population-based Swedish study of term and post-term births:the contribution of gestational age and birth weight[J].BMJ Open,2012,2(4):e001152. [8] LUDVIGSSON J F,LU D,HAMMARSTRÖM L,et al.Small for gestational age and risk of childhood mortality:a Swedish population study[J].PLoS Med,2018,15:e1002717. [9] WHINCUP P H,KAYE S J,OWEN C G,et al.Birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review[J].JAMA,2008,300(24):2886-2897. [10] XIA Q,CAI H,XIANG Y B,et al.Prospective cohort studies of birth weight and risk of obesity,diabetes,and hypertension in adulthood among the Chinese population[J]. J Diabetes,2019,11(1):55-64. [11] 段涛,杨慧霞,胡娅莉,等.胎儿生长受限专家共识(2019版)[J/OL].中国产前诊断杂志(电子版),2019,11(4):78-98. [12] 蒋亚君,李禄全.小于胎龄儿发病相关危险因素的研究进展[J/CD].发育医学电子杂志,2019,7(4):315-320. [13] CAMPBELL M K,CARTIER S,XIE B,et al.Determinants of small for gestational age birth at term[J].Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol,2012,26(6):525-533. [14] VRIJKOTTE T G M,KRUKZIENER N,HUTTEN BA,et al.Maternal lipid profile during early pregnancy and pregnancy complications and outcomes: the ABCD study[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2012,97(11):3917-3925. [15] JIANG S,JIANG J,XU H,et al.Maternal dyslipidemia during pregnancy may increase the risk of preterm birth:a meta-analysis[J].Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol,2017,56(1):9-15. [16] EDISON R J,BERG K,REMALEY A,et al.Adverse birth outcome among mothers with low serum cholesterol[J].Pediatrics,2007,120(4):723-733. 17 [17] VINOD KM,SHERI T,UMA P,et al.Maternal serum lipids during pregnancy and infant birth weight:the influence of prepregnancy BMI[J].Obesity,2011,19(7):1476-1481. [18] KULKARNI S R,KUMARAN K,RAO S R,et al.Maternal lipids are as important as glucose for fetal growth: findings from the Pune maternal nutrition study[J].Diabetes Care,2013,36(9):2706-2713. [19] LEI Q,NIU J,LYU L,et al.Clustering of metabolic risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a prospective cohort study[J].Diabetes Metab Res Rev,2016,32(8):835-842. [20] SERIZAWA K,OGAWA K,ARATA N,et al.Association between low maternal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the second trimester and delivery of small for gestational age infants at term: a case-control study of the national center for child health and development birth cohort[J].J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med,2017,30(12):1383-1387. [21] WANG J,MOORE D,SUBRAMANIAN A,et al.Gestational dyslipidaemia and adverse birthweight outcomes:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Obes Rev,2018,19(9):1256-1268. [22] 丛玉隆,尹一兵,陈瑜.检验医学高级教程:第四篇临床生物化学与分子诊断[M]. 北京:人民军医出版社,2010. [23] HERRERA E.Metabolic adaptations in pregnancy and their implications for the availability of substrates to the fetus[J].Eur J Clin Nutr,2000,54(Suppl.1):S47-S51. [24] DELHAES F,GIZA S A,KOREMAN T,et al.Altered maternal and placental lipid metabolism and fetal fat development in obesity: current knowledge and advances in non-invasive assessment[J].Placenta,2018,69:118-124. [25] KLOP B,ELTE J W,CABEZAS M C.Dyslipidemia in obesity: mechanisms and potential targets[J].Nutrients,2013,5(4):1218-1240. [26] WANG Q,WÜRTZ P,AURO K,et al.Metabolic profiling of pregnancy: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence[J].BMC Med,2016,14(1):205. [27] 李瑞,梁葵香.妊娠期脂代谢异常的研究进展[J].医学综述,2019,25(7):1348-1352. [28] 中国成人血脂异常防治指南修订联合委员会.中国成人血脂异常防治指南(2016年修订版)[J].中国循环杂志,2016,31(10):937-953. [29] 何廷德,刘武林.妊娠期血脂生理性变化趋势及正常参考值研究[J].检验医学与临床,2015,12(9):1271-1272,1275. [30] 袁作为,付晓,马华兰,等.重庆黔江地区健康孕妇血脂水平变化特点及参考区间建立[J].重庆医学,2019,48(11):1952-1955. [31] 孟彤,刘亚非,孟文颖.应用临床分析结果确定妊娠期正常血脂参考值范围[J].中国妇幼保健,2016,31(21):4408-4411. [32] CUNNINGHAM F C,LEVENO K J,BLOOM S L,et al.Williams Obstetrics[M].25th ed. New York:McGraw-Hill Education,2018:1291. [33] JIN W Y,LIN S L,HOU R L,et al.Associations between maternal lipid profile and pregnancy complications and perinatal outcomes: a population-based study from China[J].BMC Pregnancy Childbirth,2016,16(1):60. [34] 中国15城市新生儿体格发育科研协作组.我国15城市不同胎龄新生儿体格发育调查研究[J].中华儿科杂志,1988,26(4):206-208. [35] FENTON T R.A new growth chart for preterm babies:Babson and Benda's chart updated with recent data and a new format[J].BMC Pediatr,2003,3:13-22. [36] SIMEONOVA-KRSTEVSKA S,KRSTEVSKA B,VELKOSKA-NAKOVA V,et al.Effect of lipid parameters on foetal growth in gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancies[J].Pril(Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki),2014,35(2):131-136. [37] YE K,BO Q L,DU Q J,et al.Maternal serum lipid levels during late pregnancy and neonatal body size[J].Asia Pac J Clin Nutr,2015,24(1):138-143. [38] ZIAEI S,JAHANIAN S,KAZEMNEJAD A,et al.Lipid concentration in small for gestational age(SGA)pregnancies and hypertensive disorders[J].Pregnancy Hypertens,2012,2(2):164-167. [39] PARLAKGUMUS H A,AYTAC P C,KALAYCI H,et al.First trimester maternal lipid levels and serum markers of small-and large-for-gestational age infants[J].J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med,2014,27(1):48-51. [40] SATTAR N,GREER I A,GALLOWAY P J,et al.Lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1999,84(1):128-130. [41] OKALA S G,SISE E A,SOSSEH F,et al.Maternal plasma lipid levels across pregnancy and the risks of small-for-gestational age and low birth weight: a cohort study from rural Gambia[J].BMC Pregnancy Childbirth,2020,20(1):153. [42] KRAMER M S,KAHN S R,DAHHOU M,et al.Maternal lipids and small for gestational age birth at term[J].J Pediatr,2013,163(4):983-988. [43] BEVER A M,MUMFORD S L,SCHISTERMAN E F,et al.Maternal preconception lipid profile and gestational lipid changes in relation to birthweight outcomes[J].Sci Rep,2020,10(1):1374. [44] WANG H L,DANG Q Y,ZHU H Y,et al.Associations between maternal serum HDL-c concentrations during pregnancy and neonatal birth weight: a population-based cohort study[J].Lipids Health Dis,2020,19(1):93. [45] ROBERTSON A F,SPRECHER H.A review of human placental lipid metabolism and transport[J].Acta Paediatr Scand,1968,57(Suppl.183):3-18. [46] KWITEROVICH P O,COCKRILL S L,VIRGIL D G,et al.A large high-density lipoprotein enriched in apolipoprotein C-I: a novel biochemical marker in infants of lower birth weight and younger gestational age[J].JAMA,2005,293(15):1891-1899.