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| Assessment of pelvic floor dysfunction in female：a review |
| YU Yaqin1, ZHAO Li2, XIE Zhenwei2
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1. School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China;
2. Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China |
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Abstract The prevalence of female pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) ranges from 17.8% to 74.07%, with approximately 30% of patients experiencing comorbid anxiety, depression, or other psychological disorders, severely impairing their quality of life. Current assessment methods for PFD are primarily based on clinical techniques such as the pelvic organ prolapse quantification and two-dimensional ultrasound. But they are limited by high subjectivity, operational complexity, and the inability to provide real-time dynamic evaluation. In recent years, emerging technologies including high-density electromyography, three-dimensional ultrasound, specific biomarkers, and artificial intelligence have complemented conventional clinical methods by providing dynamic functional data and molecular-level evidence, achieving multidimensional “structure-function-molecular”assessment of PFD. The relevant literature on PFD assessment published in CNKI, PubMed, and other databases from 2019 to 2024 were retrieved. The current application status and value of commonly used clinical techniques, the core characteristics of emerging technology assessments, and the integration path between the two were reviewed, so as to provide the evidence for individualized diagnosis and treatment of PFD.
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Received: 06 May 2025
Revised: 13 July 2025
Published: 20 August 2025
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