|
|
|
| Physical fitness among children at ages of 3 to 6 years in Chaoyang District |
| MA Yanyan, CHEN Xiaojin, ZHAO Yue
|
| Department of Child Healthcare, the Maternal and Child Health hospital of Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Objective To investigate the status of physical fitness among children at ages of 3 to 6 years in Chaoyang District, Beijing Municipality, so as to provide insights into improvements in children's physical fitness. Methods Physical fitness test data were collected from children at ages of 3 to 6 years in Chaoyang District based on the Fifth National Physical Fitness Monitoring Program, including basic characteristics, body shape, physical function and quality. The physical fitness test results were compared among children with different genders and ages, and factors affecting the physical fitness were identified among children at ages of 3 to 6 years using a multiple linear regression model. Results Totally 988 children at ages of 3 to 6 years were enrolled, including 490 boys (49.60%) and 498 girls (50.40%), and 300 children at an age of 3 years (30.36%), 329 children at an age of 4 years (33.30%), 297 children at an age of 5 years (30.06%) and 62 children at an age of 6 years (6.28%). The participants had a mean height of (109.46±7.31) cm, body weight (18.98±3.82) kg, sitting height of (61.99±3.39) cm, chest circumference of (52.87±4.04) cm, static heart rate of (98.04±9.61) beats per minute, grip strength of (4.78±2.22) kg, standing long jump of (75.01±21.89) cm, seated forward bend of (10.07±4.51)cm, double-foot continuous jump of (7.54±3.84) s, 15-meter obstacle run of (8.73±1.66) s and balance beam walking of (8.54±4.72) s. Boys had greater sitting height, chest circumference and grip strength and lower 15-meter obstacle run and static heart rate than girls (P<0.05), while girls had higher seated forward bend than boys (P<0.05). There were significant differences in all test items among children at different ages (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis identified non-only child (β'=0.064), non-overweight/obesity (β'=0.192), 2 hours and longer daily indoor physical activity (β'=0.156), exercise intensitby (adequate, β'=0.218; generally, β'=0.151), father's height of 170 cm and shorter (β'=-0.075), mother's height of 160 cm and shorter (β'=-0.081), and parents' educational level (undergraduate, β'=0.017; postgraduate, β'=0.084) as factors affecting physical fitness among children at ages of 3 to 6 years in Chaoyang District. Conclusions The body shape development is relatively good among children at ages of 3 to 6 years in Chaoyang District; however, the physical quality remains to be improved. The only child, overweight/obesity, duration of indoor physical activity, exercise intensity, parental height and parental educational level are factors affecting physical fitness among children.
|
|
Received: 17 March 2023
Revised: 03 May 2023
Published: 17 July 2023
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 中华人民共和国国民体质监测中心.2014年国民体质监测工作手册[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2014.
[2] 朱宗涵,徐海青.儿童早期发展系列教材之一:儿童早期发展总论[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014.
[3] 中华人民共和国国务院.国务院关于印发中国妇女发展纲要和中国儿童发展纲要的通知[EB/OL].[2023-05-03].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2021-09/27/content_5639412.htm.
[4] WHO Multicentre Growth Refrence Study Group.WHO child growth standards based on length/height,weight and age[J].Acta Paediatr Suppl,2006,450:76-85.
[5] 江崇民,于道中,季成叶,等.《国民体质测定标准》的研制[J].体育科学,2004(3):33-36.
[6] 中华人民共和国国家体育总局.国家国民体质监测中心发布《第五次国民体质监测公报》[EB/OL].[2023-05-03].https://www.sport.gov.cn/n315/n329/c24335066/content.html.
[7] 李一辰,陈笑征,尚晓瑞,等.北京市学龄前儿童体质状况分析[J].首都公共卫生,2021,15(6):351-355.
[8] 陈星,宋媛,叶侃.苏州市3~6岁儿童体质健康现状调查[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2018,26(9):1017-1020.
[9] 李国波,钱沁芳,王艳霞,等.福州市学龄前儿童体质状况及影响因素分析[J].慢性病学杂志,2019,20(12):1778-1781.
[10] 谢洁妍,严学勤,曾洁,等.中山市学龄前儿童体质状况分析[J].中国学校卫生,2020,41(4):604-607.
[11] KROMBHOLZ H.Physical performance in relation to age,sex,birth order,social class,and sports activities of preschool children[J].Percept Mot Skills,2006,102(2):477-484.
[12] 中华人民共和国教育部体育卫生与艺术教育司.第八次全国学生体质与健康调研结果发布[J].中国学校卫生,2021,42(9):1281-1282.
[13] 康晓玉,李鹏,张妍,等.2009—2014年左家庄社区学龄前儿童体质状况调查[J].中国妇幼保健,2017,32(10):2180-2183.
[14] 刘峥,王海俊.促进儿童肥胖的预防性干预研究[J].中国学校卫生,2022,43(11):1601-1604.
[15] 贾文慧. 家庭运动环境对3~5岁幼儿体质健康的影响研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2022.
[16] 许雯,占叶俊.丽水市3~6岁城乡学龄前儿童体质现状对比分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2017,25(1):70-73.
[17] 张敬豪. 2014年与2019年湘西州3~6岁城镇幼儿体质对比研究[D].吉首:吉首大学,2021.
[18] 吴惠宇,唐璐,蔺海旗.广州市学龄前儿童体质状况及生命早期影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2022,43(3):421-424.
[19] XIONG X,CUI Y,ZHANG W,et al.Association between sleep duration and physical fitness in children aged 3-6 years:a cross-sectional study from China[J/OL].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2022,19(11)[2023-05-03].https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116902. |
|
|
|
