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| Association between dietary diversity and cognitive function among the elderly based on group-based trajectory model |
| DONG Chunling1,2, WANG Chong3, GUAN Tianyuan2, LIU Yue2, LI Xueying2, ZHANG Yuhai2
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1. School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shannxi 712046, China;
2. Department of Military Health Statistics, Faculty of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China;
3. Medical Research Experimental Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shannxi 712046, China |
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Abstract Objective To analyze the association between dietary diversity and cognitive function among the elderly using group-based trajectory model, so as to provide the basis for formulating dietary intervention strategies to prevent cognitive impairment. Methods Based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) project, demographic information, lifestyle behaviors, psychological well-being, and activities of daily living of elderly individuals aged ≥65 years from 2008 to 2018 were collected. Dietary diversity was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, with a score of <7 points defined as low dietary diversity. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). A group-based trajectory model was established based on cognitive function scores from 2008 to 2018 to analyze the trajectories of cognitive function change. The association between dietary diversity and cognitive function was analyzed using a multinomial logistic regression model. Results A total of 1 613 individuals were collected, with a median age was 72.00 (interquartile range, 10.00) years. There were 810 males (50.22%) and 803 females (49.78%). The group-based trajectory model analysis categorized the participants into three groups: the low-level normal group, the high-level normal group, and the slow-then-rapid decline group, comprising 796 (49.35%), 585 (36.27%), and 232 (14.38%) individuals, respectively. Among these groups, the numbers of individuals with low dietary diversity were 497 (62.44%), 311 (53.16%), and 166 (71.55%), respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for demographic information, lifestyle behaviors, psychological well-being, and activities of daily living, compared with the high-level normal group, low dietary diversity was statistically associated with cognitive function in the slow-then-rapid decline group (OR=1.622, 95%CI: 1.103-2.384). Conclusion Low dietary diversity may increase the risk of cognitive impairment among the elderly.
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Received: 23 May 2025
Revised: 03 August 2025
Published: 16 September 2025
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