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| Research progress on gut microbiome metabolites and depressive disorders |
| HE Jingkai, HU Jieqiong, ZHANG Jiale, JI Yunxin
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| The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China |
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Abstract Depressive disorders are common mental illnesses characterized by significant and persistent low mood, with features such as high prevalence, high disability rate, and high suicide rate. The microbiota-gut-brain axis may be one of the potential mechanisms underlying depressive disorders. Gut microbiota metabolites, as important mediators of MGBA signaling, play roles in depressive disorders through multiple pathways. These include short-chain fatty acids, which can regulate the transmission of the vagus nerve, inflammatory responses, and 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis; secondary bile acids, which can activate farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein-compled receptor 5; and choline, which can regulate DNA methylation and trimethylamine N-oxide production. This article reviews the literature on the potential mechanisms of action of gut microbiota metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and choline, in depressive disorders. The literature was retrieved from CNKI, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from 2010 to 2025. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders.
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Received: 30 December 2024
Revised: 18 May 2025
Published: 24 June 2025
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