|
|
|
| Association between dietary components and gut microbiota: a Mendelian randomization study |
| CHEN Haimiao, MA Yan, LIU Mingqi, MA Shanshan, LI Jun, XU Laichao
|
| Shaoxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Objective To explore the causal association between dietary components (carbohydrate, fat, protein, and sugar) and 119 genera of known gut microbiota using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Methods Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for dietary components were collected from the DietGen, while GWAS data for gut microbiota were collected from the MiBioGen. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci associated with the four dietary components were used as instrumental variables, and 119 known gut microbiota genera were used as the outcomes. MR analysis was performed using inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q test, horizontal pleiotropy and exclude outliers were tested using MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO test. Common genetic pleiotropic genes between dietary components and gut microbiota were identified by MAGMA and PLACO analyses. Results The MR analysis revealed causal associations between carbohydrates and 4 gut microbiota genera, fats and 14 genera, proteins and 14 genera, and sugars and 11 genera (all P<0.05). The MR-Egger regression analysis showed no horizontal pleiotropy among the selected SNPs, and the MR-PRESSO test did not identify any outliers (all P>0.05). The MAGMA and PLACO analyses revealed that 74.42% (32/43) of the causal associations had pleiotropic genes, with 1 to 10 pleiotropic genes identified. Multiple causal association groups shared the same pleiotropic genes. Conclusion There are potential genetic and causal associations between dietary components and gut microbiota.
|
|
Received: 04 June 2024
Revised: 14 December 2024
Published: 14 January 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] GHOSH T S,RAMPELLI S,JEFFERY I B,et al.Mediterranean diet intervention alters the gut microbiome in older people reducing frailty and improving health status:the NU-AGE 1-year dietary intervention across five European countries[J].Gut,2020,69(7):1218-1228.
[2] GOODRICH J K,DAVENPORT E R,BEAUMONT M,et al.Genetic determinants of the gut microbiome in UK twins[J].Cell Host Microbe,2016,19(5):731-743.
[3] LI X H,SHAN K,LI C B,et al.Intermittent protein diets alter hepatic lipid accumulation by changing tryptophan metabolism in a fast-response manner[J].J Agric Food Chem,2023,71(7):3261-3272.
[4] DEEHAN E C,YANG C,PEREZ-MUÑOZ M E,et al.Precision microbiome modulation with discrete dietary fiber structures directs short-chain fatty acid production[J].Cell Host Microbe,2020,27(3):389-404.
[5] MEDDENS S F W,DE VLAMING R,BOWERS P,et al.Genomic analysis of diet composition finds novel loci and associations with health and lifestyle[J].Mol Psychiatry,2021,26(6):2056-2069.
[6] KURILSHIKOV A,MEDINA-GOMEZ C,BACIGALUPE R,et al.Large-scale association analyses identify host factors influencing human gut microbiome composition[J].Nature genetics,2021,53(2):156-165.
[7] LIU J Z,MCRAE A F,NYHOLT D R,et al.A versatile gene-based test for genome-wide association studies[J].Am J Hum Genet,2010,87(1):139-145.
[8] RAY D,CHATTERJEE N.A powerful method for pleiotropic analysis under composite null hypothesis identifies novel shared loci between type 2 diabetes and prostate cancer[J/OL].PLoS Genet,2020,16(12)[2024-12-14].https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009218.
[9] LI X H,SHAN K,LI C B,et al.Intermittent protein diets alter hepatic lipid accumulation by changing tryptophan metabolism in a fast-response manner[J].J Agric Food Chem,2023,71(7):3261-3272.
[10] MCALLAN L,SKUSE P,COTTER P D,et al.Protein quality and the protein to carbohydrate ratio within a high fat diet influences energy balance and the gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice[J/OL].PLoS One,2014,9(2)[2024-12-14].https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088904.
[11] PATAKY Z,GENTON L,SPAHR L,et al.Impact of hypocaloric hyperproteic diet on gut microbiota in overweight or obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:a pilot study[J].Dig Dis Sci,2016,61(9):2721-2731.
[12] HOLM J B,RØNNEVIK A,TASTESEN H S,et al.Diet-induced obesity,energy metabolism and gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice fed Western diets based on lean seafood or lean meat mixtures[J].J Nutr Biochem,2016,31:127-136.
[13] O'KEEFE S J D.Diet,microorganisms and their metabolites,and colon cancer[J].Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2016,13(12):691-706.
[14] LARKE J A,BACALZO N,CASTILLO J J,et al.Dietary intake of monosaccharides from foods is associated with characteristics of the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal inflammation in healthy US adults[J].J Nutr,2023,153(1):106-119.
[15] PALMNÄS-BÉDARD M S A,COSTABILE G,VETRANI C,et al.The human gut microbiota and glucose metabolism:a scoping review of key bacteria and the potential role of SCFAs[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2022,116(4):862-874.
[16] WAN L T,LI L,ZHANG X,et al.Effects of palm olein and palm stearin on cecal and fecal microbiota of C57BL/6J mice under low and high fat intakes[J/OL].Food Chem,2023,404[2024-12-14].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134693.
[17] RABIEI S,HEKMATDOOST A.New therapeutic agents to treat obesity and its related disorders:prebiotic,probiotic and synbiotic supplementation[J].Int J Food Sci Nutr,2019,6(1):43-53.
[18] LI D,LI Y J,YANG S J,et al.Diet-gut microbiota-epigenetics in metabolic diseases:from mechanisms to therapeutics[J/OL].Biomed Pharmacother,2022,153[2024-12-14].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113290. |
|
|
|
