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| Advances in the toxicokinetic models of cadmium |
| QING Ying, WANG Liqiang
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| Department of Inspection and Quarantine, College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China |
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Abstract Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal commonly seen in the environment. Long-term exposure to low dose of cadmium has toxic effects on multiple systems and organs of human body. The kinetic model is a new technology to quantitatively evaluate the correlation between internal and external exposure of chemicals, which can provide reliable information for risk assessment. There are two kinetic models of cadmium: toxicokinetic model (TK) and physiologically-based toxicokinetic model (PBTK). They have played a role in the establishment of cadmium exposure limits and risk prediction. This article reviews the construction, development, and limitations of the two models, and looks forward to the direction in which the models can be further optimized, providing the reference for risk assessment of cadmium exposure in China.
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Received: 25 April 2021
Revised: 26 June 2021
Published: 05 November 2021
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