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预防医学  2026, Vol. 38 Issue (9): 927-931    DOI: 10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2026.09.014
  疾病控制 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
绍兴市中小学生常见病共病调查
邢超1, 黄炯杰1, 任蒋磊1, 王琦梅1, 章建伟2
1.绍兴市疾病预防控制中心(绍兴市卫生监督所),浙江 绍兴 312071;
2.绍兴市妇幼保健院,浙江 绍兴 312099
Comorbidity of common diseases among primary and middle school students in Shaoxing City
XING Chao1, HUANG Jiongjie1, REN Jianglei1, WANG Qimei1, ZHANG Jianwei2
1. Shaoxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shaoxing Institute of Public Health Supervision), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312071, China;
2. Shaoxing Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312099, China
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摘要 目的 了解浙江省绍兴市中小学生6种常见病共病现状,为制定中小学生共病管理与防治策略提供依据。方法 于2023年9—11月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取绍兴市12所小学、12所初中和12所高中的学生为调查对象。通过视力测量、体格检查、龋病检查、血压测量和脊柱弯曲异常检查分别评估近视、营养不良、超重肥胖、龋病、血压异常和脊柱弯曲异常6种常见病。存在≥2种疾病定义为共病,分析6种常见病共病检出率和共病模式分布。结果 调查中小学生11 887人,其中男生6 187人,占52.05%;女生5 700人,占47.95%。年龄为(12.37±3.20)岁。检出近视、龋病、超重肥胖、血压异常、营养不良和脊柱弯曲异常分别为7 224、3 721、3 199、1 880、952和272人,检出率为60.77%、31.30%、26.91%、15.82%、8.01%和2.29%。检出共病5 340人,检出率为44.92%。2种常见病共病3 853人,检出率为32.41%;3种常见病共病1 335人,检出率为11.23%;≥4种常见病共病152人,检出率为1.28%。检出率较高的共病模式为近视+龋病、近视+超重肥胖和和近视+血压异常,分别有1 111、1 008和495人,检出率为9.35%、8.48%和4.16%。小学生、初中生近视+龋病共病检出率较高,分别为7.31%、12.05%;高中生近视+超重肥胖共病检出率较高,为11.16%。结论 绍兴市中小学生6种常见病共病检出率达44.92%,以近视合并龋病、超重肥胖或血压异常为主;共病模式存在学段分布差异,小学生和初中生以近视合并龋病较为常见,高中生以近视合并超重肥胖较为常见。
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邢超
黄炯杰
任蒋磊
王琦梅
章建伟
关键词 : 中小学生,  共病,  近视,  龋病,  肥胖    
Abstract:Objective To investigate the status of comorbidity of six common diseases among primary and middle school students in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide evidence for formulating strategies for comorbidity management, prevention, and control among primary and middle school students. Methods From September to November 2023, students from 12 primary schools, 12 junior high schools, and 12 senior high schools in Shaoxing City were selected as study participants using stratified cluster random sampling method. Six common diseases, including myopia, malnutrition, overweight and obesity, dental caries, abnormal blood pressure, and abnormal spinal curvature, were assessed by vision measurement, physical examination, dental examination, blood pressure measurement, and spinal examination, respectively. Comorbidity was defined as the coexistence of ≥2 diseases. The detection rate and distribution of comorbidity patterns among the six common diseases were analyzed. Results A total of 11 887 students were surveyed, including 6 187 boys (52.05%) and 5 700 girls (47.95%). The mean age of the participants was (12.37±3.20) years. Myopia, dental caries, overweight and obesity, abnormal blood pressure, malnutrition, and abnormal spinal curvature were detected in 7 224, 3 721, 3 199, 1 880, 952, and 272 students, with detection rates of 60.77%, 31.30%, 26.91%, 15.82%, 8.01%, and 2.29%, respectively. Comorbidity was detected in 5 340 students, with a detection rate of 44.92%. Comorbidity involving two diseases was detected in 3 853 students, with a detection rate of 32.41%; comorbidity involving three diseases was detected in 1 335 students, with a detection rate of 11.23%; and comorbidity involving ≥4 diseases was detected in 152 students, with a detection rate of 1.28%. The comorbidity patterns with relatively high detection rates were myopia combined with dental caries, myopia combined with overweight and obesity, and myopia combined with abnormal blood pressure, involving 1 111, 1 008, and 495 students, with detection rates of 9.35%, 8.48%, and 4.16%, respectively. The detection rates of comorbidity involving myopia and dental caries were relatively high among primary school students and junior high school students, at 7.31% and 12.05%, respectively. Among senior high school students, comorbidity involving myopia and overweight and obesity had a relatively high detection rate of 11.16%. Conclusions The detection rate of comorbidity of six common diseases among primary and middle school students in Shaoxing City was 44.92%, mainly involving myopia combined with dental caries, overweight and obesity, or abnormal blood pressure. The distribution of comorbidity patterns differed across school stages, with myopia combined with dental caries being more common among primary school students and junior high school students, and myopia combined with overweight and obesity being more common among senior high school students.
Key words: primary and middle school students    comorbidity    myopia    dental caries    obesity
收稿日期: 2026-05-09      修回日期: 2026-07-25     
中图分类号:  R179  
基金资助:浙江省疾病预防控制科技计划项目(2025JK297); 绍兴市科技计划项目(2023A14032)
作者简介: 邢超,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事学生常见病防控工作
通信作者: 章建伟,E-mail:yyfmsheji@163.com   
引用本文:   
邢超, 黄炯杰, 任蒋磊, 王琦梅, 章建伟. 绍兴市中小学生常见病共病调查[J]. 预防医学, 2026, 38(9): 927-931.
XING Chao, HUANG Jiongjie, REN Jianglei, WANG Qimei, ZHANG Jianwei. Comorbidity of common diseases among primary and middle school students in Shaoxing City. Preventive Medicine, 2026, 38(9): 927-931.
链接本文:  
https://www.zjyfyxzz.com/CN/10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2026.09.014      或      https://www.zjyfyxzz.com/CN/Y2026/V38/I9/927
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