摘要儿童青少年肥胖是遗传因素、生活行为、肠道菌群失调和社会环境因素等多因素作用的结果,不仅引起心血管疾病、2型糖尿病和非酒精性脂肪性肝病等疾病,还增加成年期慢性病风险。本文系统检索中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库发表的相关文献,围绕儿童青少年肥胖的定义、分型、诊断标准、影响因素和干预措施等进行综述。以家庭为基础的膳食调整、体力活动、电子设备使用时间限制和睡眠管理等生活行为干预是儿童青少年肥胖的主要干预手段,肠道菌群调节、多学科综合干预和数字健康技术应用可作为辅助措施,药物治疗、手术治疗及中医干预等措施适用于不同适应证的肥胖儿童青少年。儿童青少年肥胖的防控需从单一干预向多因素、多层面和多学科协同的综合管理转变。未来可基于多组学技术探索精准分型与个体化干预,依托数字健康技术构建智慧化管理平台,完善“早期筛查-风险预警-分级干预”的全流程管理体系,实现儿童青少年肥胖的有效防控。
Abstract：Childhood and adolescent obesity results from the interplay of multiple factors, including genetic predisposition, lifestyle behaviors, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and socio-environmental influences. It not only leads to conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease but also increases the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. This article systematically reviews relevant literature retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, focusing on the definition, classification, diagnostic criteria, influencing factors, and intervention strategies for childhood and adolescent obesity. Family-based lifestyle interventions, including dietary modification, physical activity, screen time restriction, and sleep management, constitute the primary approaches for managing obesity in this population. Adjuvant measures include gut microbiota modulation, multidisciplinary comprehensive interventions, and the application of digital health technologies. Pharmacotherapy, surgical interventions, and traditional Chinese medicine treatments are indicated for obese children and adolescents with specific indications. The prevention and management of childhood and adolescent obesity require a shift from single-factor interventions to a comprehensive management model that integrates multifactorial, multi-level, and multidisciplinary strategies. Future directions may include exploring precise subtyping and individualized interventions based on multi-omics technologies, developing intelligent management platforms leveraging digital health technologies, and establishing a full-process management system encompassing early screening, risk warning, and tiered intervention to achieve effective prevention and control of childhood and adolescent obesity.
孔凡美, 王侠, 王广宁, 刘慧松. 儿童青少年肥胖研究进展[J]. 预防医学, 2026, 38(6): 593-598.
KONG Fanmei, WANG Xia, WANG Guangning, LIU Huisong. Research progress on obesity in children and adolescents. Preventive Medicine, 2026, 38(6): 593-598.
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