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预防医学  2026, Vol. 38 Issue (10): 992-995,1001    DOI: 10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2026.10.004
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长沙市2012—2021年出生儿童水痘疫苗接种率和保护效果分析
罗美玲, 张英, 李栎
长沙市疾病预防控制中心(长沙市卫生综合监督执法局),湖南 长沙 410004
Varicella vaccination coverage and vaccine effectiveness among children born in Changsha City from 2012 to 2021
LUO Meiling, ZHANG Ying, LI Li
Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Changsha Municipal Bureau of Comprehensive Health Supervision and Law Enforcement), Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
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摘要 目的 分析长沙市2012—2021年出生儿童水痘减毒活疫苗(VarV)接种率和疫苗保护效果(VE),为完善水痘防控策略、提升人群免疫水平提供依据。方法 通过湖南省免疫规划信息管理系统收集长沙市2012—2021年出生儿童个案资料,通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统监测报告管理系统收集2012—2025年长沙市水痘实验室确诊病例和临床诊断病例资料,通过身份证号、姓名和出生日期进行个案匹配。采用回顾性队列研究设计,以出生日期为观察起点,以2025年12月31日或水痘发病日期为观察终点,分析VarV接种率,计算不同出生年份、接种不同剂次VarV儿童的水痘发病密度。采用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型计算风险比,估算VE及其95%CI。结果 纳入儿童1 433 051人,其中男童755 427人,女童677 624人,男女比为1.11∶1。接种VarV 1 245 435人,接种率为86.91%。其中,接种1剂次VarV 283 944人,接种率为19.81%;接种2剂次VarV 961 491人,接种率为67.09%。2019年出生儿童VarV接种率较高,为90.16%;2021年出生儿童1剂次VarV接种率较高,为43.83%;2018年出生儿童2剂次VarV接种率较高,为77.12%。截至2025年12月31日,水痘发病16 897例,总体发病密度为134.37/10万人年,2012年出生儿童水痘发病密度较高,为173.76/10万人年;2020年、2021年较低,分别为97.07/10万人年、99.80/10万人年。与未接种VarV相比,接种1剂次、接种2剂次VarV的VE分别为65.53%(95%CI:63.78%~66.19%)、95.83%(95%CI:95.63%~96.02%)。结论 长沙市儿童VarV接种率处于中等水平,水痘发病密度随出生年份推移下降,接种VarV可有效预防儿童水痘且2剂次VarV的VE优于1剂次。
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罗美玲
张英
李栎
关键词 : 水痘,  接种率,  疫苗保护效果,  儿童    
Abstract:Objective To analyze the varicella attenuated live vaccine (VarV) vaccination rate and the vaccine effectiveness (VE) among children born in Changsha City from 2012 to 2021, so as to provide evidence for improving varicella prevention and control strategies and enhancing population immunity. Methods Data on children born in Changsha City from 2012 to 2021 were collected through the Hunan Provincial Immunization Program Information Management System. Data on laboratory-confirmed and clinically diagnosed varicella cases in Changsha City from 2012 to 2025 were collected through the Surveillance System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Individual records were matched by ID number, name and date of birth. A retrospective cohort study was conducted, with date of birth as the starting point of observation and December 31, 2025 or the date of varicella onset as the end point of observation. VarV vaccination coverage was analyzed, and the incidence density of varicella was calculated among children in different birth years and receiving different doses of VarV. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratio, and to estimate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) with its 95%CI. Results A total of 1 433 051 children were enrolled, including 755 427 boys and 677 624 girls, with a boy-to-girl ratio of 1.11∶1. A total of 1 245 435 children received VarV, with a vaccination coverage of 86.91%. Among them, 283 944 children received one dose of VarV, with a vaccination coverage of 19.81%; 961 491 children received two doses of VarV, with a vaccination coverage of 67.09%. Children born in 2019 had a relatively high VarV vaccination coverage of 90.16%, children born in 2021 had a relatively high one-dose VarV vaccination rate of 43.83%, children born in 2018 had a relatively high two-dose VarV vaccination rate of 77.12%, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, 16 897 varicella cases were reported, with an overall incidence density of 134.37/105 person-years. Children born in 2012 had a relatively high incidence density of varicella of 173.76/105 person-years, while children born in 2020 and 2021 had relatively low incidence densities of 97.07/105 person-years and 99.80/105 person-years, respectively. Compared with no VarV vaccination, the VE of one-dose and two-dose VarV were 65.53% (95%CI: 63.78%-66.19%) and 95.83% (95%CI: 95.63%-96.02%), respectively. Conclusions The VarV vaccination coverage among children in Changsha City was at a moderate level. The incidence density of varicella decreased with later birth year. VarV vaccination can effectively prevent varicella in children, and the VE of two-dose VarV was better than one-dose VarV.
Key words: varicella    vaccination coverage    vaccine effectiveness    children
收稿日期: 2026-06-30      修回日期: 2026-09-22      出版日期: 2026-10-10
中图分类号:  R186  
基金资助:湖南省卫生健康科研课题指导项目(B20268668)
作者简介: 罗美玲,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事免疫规划和传染病控制工作
通信作者: 张英,E-mail:462251200@qq.com   
引用本文:   
罗美玲, 张英, 李栎. 长沙市2012—2021年出生儿童水痘疫苗接种率和保护效果分析[J]. 预防医学, 2026, 38(10): 992-995,1001.
LUO Meiling, ZHANG Ying, LI Li. Varicella vaccination coverage and vaccine effectiveness among children born in Changsha City from 2012 to 2021. Preventive Medicine, 2026, 38(10): 992-995,1001.
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https://www.zjyfyxzz.com/CN/10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2026.10.004      或      https://www.zjyfyxzz.com/CN/Y2026/V38/I10/992
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