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| Factors affecting language development delay among children aged under 3 years |
| YU Hong, CHEN Xiaoxia, ZHANG Yili, WU Changhua
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| Shaoxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China |
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Abstract Objective To explore the factors affecting language development delay among children aged <3 years, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and early intervention of children's language development problems. Methods Eighty-one children aged <3 years with language development delay who visited the children's language development clinic of Shaoxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January to December 2024 as the case group. Meanwhile, 118 children who underwent routine physical examinations at the children's health clinic during the same period, had normal language development were randomly selected as the control group. Data on children's basic information, parenting environment, and screen exposure were collected through questionnaire surveys. Language development delay was assessed using the Early Language Milestone Scale and the Gesell Developmental Diagnosis Scale. The factors for language development delay were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results The case group comprised 81 children, including 56 boys (69.14%) and 25 girls (30.86%), with a mean age of (23.14±4.84) months. The control group consisted of 118 children, including 81 boys (68.64%) and 37 girls (31.36%), with a mean age of (23.81±4.60) months. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that daily parental companionship time of ≥2 hours (OR=0.121, 95%CI: 0.040-0.367), attending childcare institutions (OR=0.103, 95%CI: 0.030-0.352), the average daily screen exposure time <1 hour (OR=0.614, 95%CI: 0.400-0.942), interactive parental accompaniment during screen exposure (OR=0.350, 95%CI: 0.157-0.779), and restricting screen exposure time (OR=0.162, 95%CI: 0.056-0.470) were associated with a lower risk of language development delay among children aged <3 years. Conclusion Daily paternal companionship of 2 hours or more, attending childcare institutions, daily screen exposure time of less than 1 hour, interactive parental companionship during screen time, and limiting screen exposure time can reduce the risk of language developmental delay among children aged under 3 years.
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Received: 13 August 2025
Revised: 07 October 2025
Published: 25 December 2025
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