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| Factors affecting the risk of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy among patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus |
| JIANG Jiajia, LI Feng, FANG Dongdong, YOU Wenjun, WANG Weiwei
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| Institute for Chronic Disease Management, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, China |
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Abstract Objective To investigate the factors affecting the development of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) among patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM), so as to provide insights into manangement of NPDR. Methods T2DM patients without obvious eye discomfort at ages of 18 years and older admitted to Department of Endocrinology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital during the period from December 2019 to May 2021 were enrolled. Participants' demographics, smoking, alcohol consumption, medical history of diabetes and use of medicines were collected, and the height, weight and blood pressure were measured. The levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, blood C-peptide, lipid and creatinine were tested, and retinopathy was examined with a non-mydriatic fundus camera. The factors affecting the development of NPDR were identified among T2DM patients using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results A total of 486 T2DM patients were enrolled, including 354 men (72.84%), with a median age of 48.00 (15.25) years, and median diabetes duration of 35.00 (104.25) months. The prevalence of NPDR was 19.34% among the participants. multivariable logistic regression analysis identified an educational level of senior high school and above (OR=0.546, 95%CI: 0.325-0.918), duration of diabetes (OR=1.008, 95%CI: 1.005-1.012), HbA1c (OR=1.183, 95%CI: 1.034-1.354) and use of non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues (OR=1.859, 95%CI: 1.082-3.196) as factors affecting the risk of NPDR among T2DM patients. Conclusion A high risk of NPDR is found among T2DM patients with a low educational level, long duration of diabetes, poor HbA1c control and use of non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues.
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Received: 02 September 2022
Revised: 29 November 2022
Published: 11 January 2023
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