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预防医学  2022, Vol. 34 Issue (6): 600-605    DOI: 10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2022.06.011
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长沙市健康体检人群钠钾摄入量分析
吕晶1, 贺永梅2, 李丽军3, 殷明慧3, 李晓晖3, 王建刚1, 李莹1
1.中南大学湘雅三医院健康管理中心,湖南 长沙 410013;
2.航天中心医院,北京 100049;
3.中南大学,湖南 长沙 410078
Sodium and potassium intakes among individuals undergoing physical examinations in Changsha City
LÜ Jing1, HE Yongmei2, LI Lijun3, YIN Minghui3, LI Xiaohui3, WANG Jiangang1, LI Ying1
1. Center of Health Management, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China;
2. Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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摘要 目的 了解长沙市健康体检人群钠钾摄入水平,为制定膳食营养干预措施提供依据。方法 选择2017年2月—2020年3月在中南大学湘雅三医院健康管理中心参加健康体检的人群为调查对象,通过问卷调查收集性别、年龄、疾病史、用药史、吸烟和饮酒行为等资料,测量血压、身高和体重,计算体质指数(BMI);检测血糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和肌酐(SCr);采用Kawasaki方法估算24小时尿钠、尿钾排泄量作为钠、钾摄入量的替代指标。依据《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》2013修订版预防慢性病的建议摄入量(PI),分析不同性别、年龄和BMI人群的钠钾摄入情况。结果 调查50 543人,年龄为(45.64±11.89)岁。其中男性28 555人,占56.50%;女性21 988人,占43.50%。超重19 405人,占38.39%;肥胖6 276人,占12.42%。吸烟13 410人,占26.53%;饮酒14 740人,占29.16%。高血压9 217人,占18.24%。糖尿病3 589人,占7.10%。血脂异常18 232人,占36.07%。钠摄入量为(4 143.29±1 216.46)mg/d,超过PI值49 277人,占97.50%。男性[(4 345.52±1 231.45)mg/d]、36~<46岁[(4 185.41±1 202.95)mg/d]、肥胖[(4 578.94± 1 282.66)mg/d]、吸烟[(4 191.71±1 219.91)mg/d]、饮酒[(4 325.12±1 245.65)mg/d]、高血压[(4 358.89± 1 265.70)mg/d]和血脂异常[(4 261.60±1 228.86)mg/d]者钠摄入量较高。钾摄入量为(1 986.26±526.42)mg/d,低于PI值50 440人,占99.80%。男性[(2 061.94±556.91)mg/d]、<36岁[(2 027.24±533.37)mg/d]、肥胖[(2 133.27±580.25)mg/d]、吸烟[(2 023.08±557.72)mg/d]、饮酒[(2 048.43±557.53)mg/d]、血压正常[(1 994.65±522.63)mg/d]和血脂异常[(2 038.22±546.52)mg/d]者钾摄入量较高。结论 长沙市健康体检人群钠摄入量高于PI值,但钾摄入量低于PI值;建议加强健康教育,改善钠钾摄入量。
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关键词 横断面研究体检人群    
AbstractObjective To investigate sodium and potassium intakes among individuals undergoing physical examinations in Changsha City, so as provide the evidence for developing nutritional interventions. Methods The individuals undergoing physical examinations in the Center for Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from February 2017 to March 2020 were selected, and their gender, age, history of diseases, history of medications, smoking and drinking behaviors were collected through questionnaire surveys. The blood pressure, height and body weight were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum creatinine were detected, and the 24-h urinary excretions of sodium and potassium were measured using the Kawasaki method to estimate sodium and potassium intakes. According to the recommended intakes for preventing chronic diseases (PI values) in the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (2013 revised version), the gender-, age- and BMI-specific intakes of sodium and potassium were analyzed. Results Totally 50 543 subjects were enrolled, with a mean age of (45.64±11.89) years. There were 28 555 men (56.50%) and 21 988 women (43.50%), and there were 19 405 overweight individuals (38.39%), 6 276 obese individuals (12.42%), 13 410 smokers (26.53%), 14 740 drinkers (29.16%), 9 217 individuals with hypertension (18.24%), 3 589 individuals with diabetes (7.10%), 18 232 individuals with dyslipidemia (36.07%). The mean sodium intake was (4 143.29±1 216.46) mg/d among the study subjects, and there were 49 277 participants with sodium intakes that exceeded the PI value (97.50%). Higher sodium intakes were found in men [ (4 345.52±1 231.45) mg/d ], individuals at ages of 36 to 45 years [ (4 185.41±1 202.95) mg/d ], obese individuals [ (4 578.94±1 282.66) mg/d ], smokers [ (4 191.71±1 219.91) mg/d ], drinkers [ (4 325.12±1 245.65) mg/d ], individuals with hypertension [ (4 358.89±1 265.70) mg/d ] and individuals with dyslipidemia [ (4 261.60±1 228.86) mg/d ]. The mean potassium intake was (1 986.26±526.42) mg/d among the study subjects, and there were 50 440 participants with potassium intakes that exceeded the PI value (99.80%). Higher potassium intakes were seen in men [ (2 061.94±556.91) mg/d ], individuals at ages of 35 years and below [ (2 027.24±533.37) mg/d ], obese individuals [ (2 133.27±580.25) mg/d ], smokers [ (2 023.08±557.72) mg/d ], drinkers [ (2 048.43±557.53) mg/d ], individuals without hypertension [ (1 994.65±552.63) mg/d ] and individuals with dyslipidemia [ (2 038.22±546.52) mg/d ]. Conclusions Higher sodium intakes and lower potassium intakes than the PI values are found among individuals undergoing health examinations in Changsha City. Health education is recommended to be reinforced to improve sodium and potassium intakes.
Key wordssodium    potassium    cross-sectional study    physical examination population
收稿日期: 2022-02-14      修回日期: 2022-04-18      出版日期: 2022-06-10
中图分类号:  R195  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金(81973324); 湖湘青年(2020RC3063)
作者简介: 吕晶,硕士研究生在读,初级药师,主要从事慢性病管理工作
通信作者: 李莹,E-mail:lydia0312@csu.edu.cn   
引用本文:   
吕晶, 贺永梅, 李丽军, 殷明慧, 李晓晖, 王建刚, 李莹. 长沙市健康体检人群钠钾摄入量分析[J]. 预防医学, 2022, 34(6): 600-605.
LÜ Jing, HE Yongmei, LI Lijun, YIN Minghui, LI Xiaohui, WANG Jiangang, LI Ying. Sodium and potassium intakes among individuals undergoing physical examinations in Changsha City. Preventive Medicine, 2022, 34(6): 600-605.
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http://www.zjyfyxzz.com/CN/10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2022.06.011      或      http://www.zjyfyxzz.com/CN/Y2022/V34/I6/600
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