Prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders among workers inheavy-duty automobile parts factories in Beijing Municipality
LUO Huan1, LIANG Jing1, ZHANG Feiruo1, JIA Ning2, WANG Zhongxu2, WANG Rugang1
1. Occupational Health Examination Center, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100020, China; 2. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Abstract:Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of occupational musculoskeletal disorders among workers in heavy-duty automobile parts factories in Beijing Municipality, so as to provide insights into development of effective interventions for occupational musculoskeletal disorders. Methods The workers in three heavy-duty automobile truck parts factories in Beijing Municipality were recruited using the convenient sampling method during the period from May 2019 to October 2020. Subjects' demographic characteristics, type of job and prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders at various sites were collected using self-designed electronic questionnaires, and the factors affecting the development of occupational musculoskeletal disorders were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results A total of 264 workers were enrolled, including 260 males (98.48%) and 4 females (1.52%). The participants had a mean age of (31.71±6.13) years, and mean duration of (7.51±5.25) years at current position, and mechanical technician was the major type of work (129 workers, 48.86%). The prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders was 70.08% among the participants, and high prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders was found in the lower back/waist (41.28%), shoulder (40.15%), neck (39.02%) and upper back (33.33%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified females (OR=1.280, 95%CI: 1.021-1.602) and head-down posture at work (OR=2.644, 95%CI: 1.034-6.763) as risk factors for occupational musculoskeletal disorders at neck; females (OR=1.633, 95%CI: 1.624-2.117), sheet metal workers, mechanical technicians and painters (OR: 5.811-10.452, 95%CI: 1.205-54.027), working in an uncomfortable posture (OR:1.376-7.749, 95%CI: 1.034-27.270) and frequent working overtime (OR=2.081, 95%CI: 1.192-4.137) as risk factors for occupational musculoskeletal disorders at shoulder; and sheet metal workers, mechanical technicians and painters (OR: 8.760-11.948, 95%CI: 1.630-66.927), working in an uncomfortable posture (OR:4.067-12.185, 95%CI: 1.332-47.523) and frequent working overtime (OR=2.201, 95%CI: 1.142-4.244) as risk factors for occupational musculoskeletal disorders at waist/back. Conclusions The prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders is high among workers in heavy-duty automobile parts factories, which mainly occur at shoulder, neck, waist and back. Type of work, working posture and working duration are main factors affecting the development of occupational musculoskeletal disorders.
[1] 王忠旭. 工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患及其评估方法的研究进展[J].中国工业医学杂志,2016,29(4):243. WANG Z X.Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and their assessment methods[J].Chin J Ind Med,2016,29(4):243. [2] 陈伟中. 预防机械加工类专业职业性肌肉骨骼疾患的措施[J].职业时空,2013,9(6):115-116,120. CHEN W Z.Preventive measures of occupational musculoskeletal disorders, major in mechanical or processed[J].Career Horiz,2013,9(6):115-116,120. [3] MURRAY C J,VOS T,LOZANO R,et al.Disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions,1990-2010:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010[J].Lancet,2012,380(9859):2197-2223. [4] 王忠旭,王伟,贾宁,等.汽车制造男性作业工人多部位肌肉骨骼损伤的横断面研究[J].环境与职业医学,2017,34(1):8-14. WANG Z X,WANG W,JIA N,et al.Cross-sectional study of multisite musculoskeletal disorders among male auto manufacture workers[J].J Environ Occup Med,2017,34(1):8-14. [5] 袁方,贾宁,张华东,等.中文版肌肉疲劳评估方法在汽车制造企业应用的信效度检验[J].中国工业医学杂志,2020,33(4):291-294. YUAN F,JIA N,ZHANG H D,et al.Reliability and validity test of Chinese version of Muscle Fatigue Assessment Method in automobile manufacturing industry[J].Chin J Ind Med,2020,33(4):291-294. [6] 张蔚,陈西峰,张雪艳,等.肌肉骨骼疾患问卷(中文版)应用于造船行业的信效度[J].环境与职业医学,2017,34(1):27-31. ZHANG W,CHEN X F,ZHANG X Y,et al.Reliability and validity of Chinese version Musculoskeletal Questionnaire in shipbuilding industry[J].J Environ Occup Med,2017,34(1):27-31. [7] 曹磊,王忠旭,贾宁,等.汽车制造工人肌肉骨骼疾患及不良工效学因素的调查与分析[J].中国工业医学杂志,2020,33(3):206-210. CAO L,WANG Z X,JIA N,et al.Investigation and analysis of musculoskeletal disorders and adverse ergonomic factors automobile workers[J].Chin J Ind Med,2020,33(3):206-210. [8] GOLD J E,D'ERRICO A,KATZ J N,et al.Specific and non-specific upper extremity musculoskeletal disorder syndromes in automobile manufacturing workers[J].Am J Indu Med,2009,52(2):124-132. [9] 吴家兵,凌瑞杰,王正伦,等.某汽车公司工人多部位肌肉骨骼疾患及危险因素[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2013,31(5):356-360. WU J B,LING R J,WANG Z L,et al.Co-occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders and influence factors among Chinese auto workers[J].Chin J Occup Dis Labor Hyg,2013,31(5):356-360. [10] 王帅. 汽车制造作业工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患及影响因素调查分析[D].武汉:武汉科技大学,2019. WANG S.Investigation and analysis of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and influencing factors in automobile manufacturing workers[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Science and Technology,2019. [11] 周浩,肖吕武,吴琳,等.汽车制造企业工人工效学负荷水平与肌肉骨骼疾患关系研究[J].中国职业医学,2011,38(4):312-315. ZHOU H,XIAO L W,WU L,et al.Effects of ergonomic stressors on musculoskeletal disorders of workers in automobile manufacturing[J].China Occup Med,2011,38(4):312-315. [12] 舒友梅,陈培仙,杨燕,等.某汽车零部件生产企业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤影响因素分析[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2021,39(3):272-276. SHU Y M,CHEN P X,YANG Y,et al.Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and influencing factors of workers in an auto parts manufacturer[J].Occup Health Emerg Response,2021,39(3):272-276. [13] 胡青坡,陆少艳,顾建红,等.上海市某医院医务人员腰背痛影响因素logistic回归分析[J].中国预防医学杂志,2018,19(2):111-115. HU Q P,LU S Y,GU J H,et al.Logistic regression analysis on the influencing factors of back pain among medical staff in a hospital of Shanghai[J].Chin Prev Med,2018,19(2):111-115. [14] 唐丽梅,江倩倩,何瑛,等.临床护士健康状况调查及发生职业性腰背痛的相关因素分析[J].中华现代护理杂志,2019,25(20):2515-2519. TANG L M,JIANG Q Q,HE Y,et al.Health status of clinical nurses and correlation factors with occupational low back pain[J].Chin J Mod Nurs,2019,25(20):2515-2519. [15] BUCKLE P W,DEVEREUX J J.The nature of work-related neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders[J].Appl Ergon,2002,33(3):207-217. [16] 赵霞,孙伟,李珏,等.模拟持铆钉枪拧螺丝作业者腕部肌肉负荷和血生化指标的关联性分析[J].环境与职业医学,2015,32(5):385-392. ZHAO X,SUN W,LI J,et al.Correlation between wrist muscle load and blood biochemical indicators during simulating screw driver operation[J].Environ Occup Med,2015,32(5):385-392. [17] CHENG J S,CARR C B,WONG C,et al.Altered spinal motion in low back pain assosiated with lumbar strain and spondylosis[J].Evid Based Spine Care J,2013,4(1):6-12.