[1] MORAWSKA L，WANG H，RISTOVSKI Z，et al. JEM spotlight：Environmental monitoring of airborne nanoparticles[J] . J Environ Monit，2009，11（10）：1758-1773.
[2] FUBINI B，GHIAZZA M，FENOGLIO I. Physico-chemical features of engineered nanoparticles relevant to their toxicity[J] . Nanotoxicology，2010，4（4）：347-363.
[3] BSI PAS 71：Vocabulary. Nanoparticles，2005，accessed on 13 November 2008[EB/OL] .[2018-03-07] . http://www.bsigroup. com/nano.
[4] ISO/TR 27628：Workplace atmospheres. Ultrafine，nanoparticle and nano-structured aerosols. Inhalation exposure characterization and assessment，2007，accessed on 13 November 2008[EB/OL] .[2018-03-07] . http://www.iso.org/standard/44243.html.
[5] 张睿，吕森林，尚羽，等. 上海大气超细颗粒物和工业纳米颗粒的表征及细胞毒性的比较研究[J] . 环境科学，2012，33（5）：1431-1437.
[6] LIN Z，MA L，ZHUGE X，et al. A comparative study of lung toxicity in rats induced by three types of nanomaterials[J] . Nanoscale Res Lett，2013，8（1）：521.
[7] PAULUHN J. Subchronic inhalation toxicity of iron oxide [magnetite，Fe（3） O（4）] in rats：pulmonary toxicity is determined by the particle kinetics typical of poorly soluble particles[J] . J Appl Toxicol，2012，32（7）：488-504.
[8] ADAMCAKOVA-DODD A，STEBOUNOVA L V，O'SHAUGHNESSY P T，et al. Murine pulmonary responses after sub-chronic exposure to aluminum oxide-based nanowhiskers[J] . Part Fibre Toxicol，2012，9（1）：22.
[9] KAROTTKI D G，BEK? G，CLAUSEN G，et al. Cardiovascular and lung function in relation to outdoor and indoor exposure to fine and ultrafine particulate matter in middle-aged subjects[J] . Environ Int，2014，73（pt5）：372-381.
[10] LIU L，BREITNER S，SCHNEIDER A，et al. Size-fractioned particulate air pollution and cardiovascular emergency room visits in Beijing，China[J] . Environ Res，2013，121（2）：52-63.
[11] WEICHENTHAL S，KULKA R，DUBEAU A，et al. Traffic-related air pollution and acute changes in heart rate variability and respiratory function in urban cyclists[J] . Environ Health Perspect，2011， 119（10）：1373-1378.
[12] SNOW S J，CHENG W，WOLBERG A S，et al. Air pollution upregulates endothelial cell procoagulant activity via ultrafine particle-induced oxidant signaling and tissue factor [J] . Toxicol Sci，2014，140（1）：83-93.
[13] BüCHNER N，ALE-AGHA N，JAKOB S，et al. Unhealthy diet and ultrafine carbon black particles induce senescence and disease associated phenotypic changes[J] . Exp Gerontol，2013，48（1）：8-16.
[14] ELDER A，GELEIN R，SILVA V，et al. Translocation of inhaled ultrafine manganese oxide particles to the central nervous system[J] . Environ Health Perspect，2006，114（8）：1172-1178.
[15] CALDERóN-GARCIDUE?AS L，CALDERóN-GARCIDUE?AS A，TORRES-JARDóN R，et al. Air pollution and your brain：what do you need to know right now[J] . Prim Health Care Res Dev，2015，16（4）：329-345.
[16] OECD. Emission assessment for identification of sources and release of airborne manufactured nanomaterials in the workplace：compilation of existing guidance[EB/OL] . （2009-06-18）[2018-03-07] . https：//www.oecd.org/env/ehs/nanosafety.
[17] OECD. Preliminary review of OECD test guidelines for their applicability to manufactured nanomaterials[EB/OL] . （2009-07-10）[2018-03-07] . http：//www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf.
[18] OECD. Identification，compilation and analysis of guidance information for exposure measurement and exposure mitigation：manufactured nanomaterials[EB/OL] .（2009-07-07）[2018-03-07] . http：//www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf.
[19] OECD. Report of an OECD workshop on exposure assessment and exposure mitigation：manufactured nanomaterials[EB/OL] . （2009-07-07）[2018-03-07] . http：//www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf.
[20] OECD . Compilation and comparison of guidelines related to exposure to nanomaterials in laboratories[EB/OL] . （2009-07-07）[2018- 03-07] . http：//www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf.
[21] METHNER M，HODSON L，GERACI C. Nanoparticle emission assessment technique （NEAT）for the identification and measurement of potential inhalation exposure to engineered nanomaterials-Part A[J] . Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene，2010， 7（3）：127-132.
[22] METHNER M，HODSON L，DAMES A，et al. Nanoparticle emission assessment technique（NEAT）for the identification and measurement of potential inhalation exposure to engineered nanomaterials-Part B：results from 12 field studies[J] . Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene，2010，7（3）：163-176.
[23] METHNER M，BEAUCHAM C，CRAWFORD C，et al. Field application of the nanoparticle emission assessment technique （NEAT）：task-based air monitoring during the processing of engineered nanomaterials （ENM） at four facilities[J] . J Occup Environ Hyg，2012，9（9）：543-555.
[24] Tiered approach to an exposure measurement and assessment of nanoscale aerosols released from engineered nanomaterials in workplace operations[Z] . Germany，2011.
[25] 邹华，张美辨，邢鸣鸾，等. 工作场所纳米颗粒暴露测量指标适应性研究[J] . 浙江预防医学，2014，26（4）：325-329.
[26] ZHANG M B，JIAN L，BIN P F，et al. Workplace exposure to nanoparticles from gas metal arc welding process[J] . Journal of Nanoparticle Research，2013，15（11）：2016-2022.
[27] ZOU H，ZHANG Q，XING M，et al. Relationships between number，surface area，and mass concentrations of different nanoparticles in workplaces[J] . Environ Sci Process Impacts，2015，17（8）：1470-1481.
[28] GWINN M R，VALLYATHAN V. Nanoparticles：health effects-pros and cons[J] . Environ Health Perspect，2006，114（12）：1818- 1825.
[29] PETERS A，WICHMANN H E，TUCH T，et al. Respiratory effects are associated with the number of ultrafine particles[J] . Am J Respir Crit Care Med，1997，155（4）：1376-1383.
[30] WILSON M R，LIGHTBODY J H，DONALDSON K，et al. Interactions between ultrafine particles and transition metals in vivo and in vitro[J] . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol，2002，184（3）：172-179.
[31] TRAN C L，BUCHANAN D，CULLEN R T，et al. Inhalation of poorly soluble particles. II. influence of particle surface area on inflammation and clearance[J] . Inhal Toxicol，2000，12（12）：1113-1126.
[32] BROWN J S，ZEMAN K L，BENNETT W D. Ultrafine particle deposition and clearance in the healthy and obstructed lung[J] . Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2002，166（9）：1240-1247.
[33] STOEGER T，REINHARD C，TAKENAKA S，et al. Instillation of six different ultrafine carbon particles indicates a surface area threshold dose for acute lung inflammation in mice[J] . Environ Health Perspect，2006，114（3）：328-333.
[34] OBERD RSTER G. Pulmonary effects of inhaled ultrafine particles[J] . Int Arch Occup Environ Health，2001，74（1）：1-8.
[35] MAYNARD A D，AITKEN R J. Assessing exposure to airborne nanomaterials：Current abilities and future requirements[J] . Nanotoxicology，2007，1（1）：26-41.
[36] HEITBRINK W A，EVANS D E，KU B K，et al. Relationships among particle number，surface area，and respirable mass concentrations in automotive engine manufacturing[J] . J Occup Environ Hyg，2009，6（1）：19-31.
