Epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Hangzhou City from 2004 to 2021
ZHU Sujuan1, JIN Xingyi1, HUO Liangliang1, XU Weimin1, SUN Zhou1, KONG Qingxin2, CHEN Junfang2
1. Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China; 2. Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
Abstract：Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Hangzhou City from 2004 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the post-elimination control strategy for malaria in Hangzhou City. Methods The epidemic situation of malaria in Hangzhou City from 2004 to 2021 were collected from the National Information System for Disease Control and Prevention in China, and the temporal, spatial and human distributions of malaria cases and the source of malaria infections were analyzed in Hangzhou City during the pre-elimination stage (2004 to 2009), the elimination stage (2010 to 2015) and the post-elimination stage (2016 to 2021). Results Totally 602 malaria cases were reported in Hangzhou City from 2004 to 2021,and the annual mean incidence of malaria was 0.22/105, 0.20/105 and 0.18/105 during the pre-elimination, elimination and post-elimination stages, appearing a tendency towards a decline. Men accounted for 63.96%, 85.07% and 93.75% of all malaria cases and there were 67.86%, 82.84% and 80.00% of cases at ages of 18 to 50 years during the pre-elimination, elimination and post-elimination stages, both appearing a tendency towards a decline (χ2trend=56.748, P<0.001; χ2trend=39.971, P<0.001). The predominant occupation of malaria cases shifted from farmers or migrant workers to multiple occupations, and the proportion of commercial servants increased from 4.87% during the pre-elimination stage to 24.38% during the post-elimination stage (χ2trend=73.308, P<0.001). The proportion of Plasmodium vivax malaria cases reduced from 96.43% during the pre-elimination stage to 7.50% during the post-elimination stage, and the proportion of P. falciparum malaria cases increased from 3.57% to 71.25%, while P. ovale, P. malariae and mixed infections were identified since 2010. There was a significant season-specific incidence of P. vivax malaria during the pre-elimination stage, and the period between May and October was an epidemic season; however, there was no season-specific incidence of P. vivax malaria during the elimination and post-elimination stages. The regional distribution of malaria cases presented a tendency towards a shift from suburb and rural areas to urban areas (χ2trend=74.229, P<0.001). No local cases were detected in Hangzhou City since 2010, and 94.22% of malaria cases were overseas imported cases after malaria elimination, including 90.61% from Africa. Conclusions Young and middle-aged men were high-risk populations for malaria in Hangzhou City from 2004 to 2021, and overseas commercial servants gradually became the predominant source of malaria infections, with malaria parasite species tending to be diverse. Improving the management of overseas imported cases and timely identification and treatment of cases are major interventions to consolidate malaria elimination achievements in Hangzhou City.
朱素娟, 金行一, 霍亮亮, 徐卫民, 孙昼, 孔庆鑫, 陈珺芳. 2004—2021年杭州市疟疾流行特征分析[J]. 预防医学, 2022, 34(10): 1026-1030,1037.
ZHU Sujuan, JIN Xingyi, HUO Liangliang, XU Weimin, SUN Zhou, KONG Qingxin, CHEN Junfang. Epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Hangzhou City from 2004 to 2021. Preventive Medicine, 2022, 34(10): 1026-1030,1037.
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