Abstract：Objective To explore the association between maternal infection during pregnancy and infant allergic diseases, so as to provide the evidence for stratified management of maternal infection during pregnancy and early prevention of infant allergic diseases. Methods From January 2024 to June 2025, pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination and established files at Shiyan Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected as study subjects. Data on pregnant women and newborns were collected through questionnaire survey. Maternal infection during pregnancy was collected through prenatal examination, review of outpatient/inpatient electronic medical record system, and regular telephone follow-up, and the types, timing, severity of maternal infection, and antibiotic usage were recorded. Infant allergic diseases within 12 months after birth were assessed by pediatricians through outpatient follow-up combined with telephone follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between maternal infection during pregnancy and infant allergic diseases. Results A total of 235 pregnant women were surveyed, with a mean age of (28.47±2.96) years and pre-pregnancy body mass index of (23.22±1.63) kg/m2. There were 82 cases of maternal infection during pregnancy, accounting for 34.89%. After 12 months of follow-up, 73 infants developed allergic diseases, with an incidence of 31.06%. Among them, the incidence of allergic diseases in infants with maternal infection during pregnancy was 43.90%, and that in infants without maternal infection during pregnancy was 24.18%, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, newborn gender, and birth weight, the risk of allergic diseases was higher in infants with maternal infection during pregnancy (OR=2.787, 95%CI: 1.462-5.314). Stratified analysis showed that the risk of allergic diseases was higher in infants with maternal respiratory tract infection during pregnancy (OR=2.654, 95%CI: 1.285-5.481), maternal infection during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (second trimester, OR=2.593, 95%CI: 1.085-6.196; third trimester, OR=2.845, 95%CI: 1.298-6.236), and mild maternal infection during pregnancy (OR=2.463, 95%CI: 1.248-4.860). Conclusion Maternal infection during pregnancy can increase the risk of infant allergic diseases, and is related to the types, timing, and severity.
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