Influencing factors for depression and anxiety symptoms among the elderly
YANG Hongying1, LI Lian1, PAN Kaijie1, CHEN Xiang2, TANG Jianyan3, HUA Er4, ZHOU Ying5, BIAN Guolin1
1. Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China; 2. Ninghai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ninghai, Zhejiang 315600, China; 3. Beilun District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, China; 4. Zhenhai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315200, China; 5. Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
Abstract：Objective To investigate the factors affecting depression and anxiety symptoms among the elderly, so as to provide the basis for promoting mental health among the elderly. Methods The elderly aged 60 years and above in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province were recruited using the multistage stratified random sampling method from June to August 2022, and demographic information, lifestyle and self-rated health status were collected by questionnaires. The symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively. The presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was determined when both the PHQ-9 score and the GAD-7 score were 10 points and higher. Factors affecting depressive and anxiety symptoms were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results A total of 7 771 individuals were surveyed, including 3 490 males (44.91%) and 4 281 females (55.09%), and had a mean age of (72.11±6.79) years. The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms was 2.05%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified residence (urban area, OR=0.316, 95%CI: 0.201-0.498), sedentary duration (<3 h/d, OR=0.349, 95%CI: 0.232-0.525; 3-5 h/d, OR=0.458, 95%CI: 0.313-0.671), physical activity (≥3 times/week, OR=0.551, 95%CI: 0.373-0.815), sleep quality (poor, OR=2.491, 95%CI: 1.738-3.571), social isolation (OR=1.688, 95%CI: 1.148-2.481) and self-rated health (poor, OR=5.857, 95%CI: 3.547-9.671; normal, OR=1.903, 95%CI: 1.234-2.937) as the influencing factors for depression and anxiety symptoms among the elderly. Conclusion The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among the elderly is associated with residence, sedentary duration, sleep quality, physical activity, social interactions and self-rated health status.
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