Abstract：Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of nutritional health knowledge awareness among primary and middle school students in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide a basis for carrying out targeted nutrition health education for students. Methods The stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select students from 48 schools across 12 counties (cities and districts) in Wenzhou City as survey subjects from October 2023 to February 2024. Basic information, parental information, and nutritional health knowledge were collected using the Questionnaire on nutritional health knowledge for School-Age Children. The awareness rate of nutritional health knowledge was analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for nutritional health knowledge awareness among primary and middle school students. Results The survey included 4 405 boys, accounting for 51.42%, and 4 161 girls, accounting for 48.58%. The sample consisted of 2 497 pupils in Grades 1-3 (29.15%), 2 591 pupils in Grades 4-6 (30.25%), 1 739 junior high school students (20.30%), and 1 739 senior high school students (20.30%). The median score of nutrition health knowledge was 75.00 (interquartile range, 19.00), and the awareness rate was 4 524 (52.81%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that girls (OR=1.317, 95%CI: 1.198-1.447), primary school students (Grades 1-3, OR=7.830, 95%CI: 6.444-9.513; Grades 4-6, OR=1.276, 95%CI: 1.066-1.528), and those whose mothers had an educational level above junior high school (senior high school/technical secondary school/technical school/junior college, OR=1.188, 95%CI: 1.044-1.352; bachelor' s degree or above, OR=1.194, 95%CI: 1.024-1.392) had a higher likelihood of nutrition and health knowledge awareness. Conversely, students who were overweight or obese (OR=0.798, 95%CI: 0.671-0.950), lived in school (OR=0.763, 95%CI: 0.650-0.895), and had a daily outdoor activity duration of <30 minutes (OR=0.641, 95%CI: 0.570-0.721) had a lower likelihood of nutritional health knowledge awareness. Conclusions The awareness rate of nutritional health knowledge among primary and middle school students in Wenzhou City needs to be improved, and is mainly influenced by gender, educational stage, body mass index, mother' s educational level, and outdoor activity duration. It is recommended to implement differentiated health education strategies and build a "family-school-community" linkage mechanism to improve students' nutrition health literacy.
[1] 健康中国行动推进委员会.健康中国行动(2019—2030)年[EB/OL].[2025-12-23].https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-07/15/content_5409694.htm. [2] 国务院办公厅.国务院办公厅关于印发国民营养计划(2017—2030年)的通知[EB/OL].[2025-12-23].https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-07/13/content_5210134.htm. [3] 中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)[J].营养学报,2020,42(6):521. [4] 张陶陶,赵茜,杨建军,等.海南省中小学生营养状况及相关知识行为分析[J].中国初级卫生保健,2024,38(4):74-77. [5] 叶根花,雷永良,叶夏良,等.小学生膳食营养知识态度行为调查[J].预防医学,2016,28(5):531-534. [6] 郭丹丹,何海蓉,于博,等.北京市中小学生营养素养现状及相关因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2024,45(11):1551-1554,1559. [7] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查:WS/T 456—2014[S].2014. [8] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查:WS/T 586—2018[S].2018. [9] 谭婷,彭飞,向晶晶,等.湖北省中小学生营养健康知识知晓率及影响因素分析[J].中国校医,2025,39(3):196-199,212. [10] 徐国红,徐丹,徐莉娜,等.我国儿童肥胖流行现状及非药物干预对策[J].微量元素与健康研究,2024,41(6):75-78. [11] 任轶文,李艳,周为文,等.广西农村学生营养改善计划地区学生营养知识水平调查[J].疾病预防控制通报,2025,40(1):4-8. [12] 吕一舟,吴琼,林慰慈.南京市三年级小学生营养状况及干预效果评价[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(4):589-591. [13] 黄钦海,余石群,陈小敏,等.云浮市中小学生营养不良状况调查[J].预防医学,2024,36(5):402-406. [14] MA L R,XU H S,ZHANG Z R,et al.Nutrition knowledge,attitudes,and dietary practices among parents of children and adolescents in Weifang,China:a cross-sectional study[J/OL].Prev Med Rep,2023,35[2025-12-23].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102396. [15] MUHAMMAD S,YANG C,FAROOQ A,et al.Does mothers' awareness of health and nutrition matter?A case study of child malnutrition in Marginalized Rural Community of Punjab,Pakistan[J/OL].Front Public Health,2022,10[2025-12-23].https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.792164.
