Epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Harbin City from 2015 to 2024
ZHANG Junjie1,2, LUO Chao2, JIANG Likun2, ZHANG Huiying1
1. School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; 2. Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150300, China
Abstract：Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Harbin City from 2015 to 2024, so as to provide the basis for formulating pertussis prevention and control measures. Methods The incidence data of pertussis in Harbin City from 2015 to 2024 were collected through the Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the vaccination data were collected through the Immunization Program Information System of Heilongjiang Province. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, regional and population distribution characteristics of pertussis incidence as well as the immunization history of pertussis cases. Results A total of 417 cases of pertussis were reported in Harbin City from 2015 to 2024, with an average annual reported incidence of 0.41/105. The reported incidence increased from 0.18/105 in 2015 to 0.64/105 in 2024, showing an overall upward trend (P<0.05). The peak incidence period was from August to November, with 253 cases, accounting for 60.67%. The average annual reported incidences of pertussis in Shuangcheng District, Nangang District and Daoli District were relatively high, at 1.09/105, 0.93/105 and 0.52/105, respectively. There were 223 male cases and 194 female cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.15∶1. The average annual reported incidence of pertussis was 0.45/105 in males and 0.39/105 in females, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Cases were predominantly distributed among children under 6 months and those aged 6 to under 10 years, with 176 and 144 cases, accounting for 42.21% and 34.53% respectively. The majority of cases were scattered children, with 266 cases (63.79%). There were 175 cases (41.97%) without diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine and 172 cases (41.25%) who had completed the full course of immunization. Conclusions The incidence of pertussis in Harbin City showed an upward trend from 2015 to 2024. Autumn was identified as the peak season for disease onset. Shuangcheng District and Nangang District were the high-incidence areas. Children under 6 months, those aged 6 to under 10 years, scattered children, and those who had not received the DTP vaccine were the high-risk groups. It is recommended to improve pertussis surveillance strategies and strengthen childhood immunization programs.
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