摘要丙型病毒性肝炎是由丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染引起的传染病,也是全球重大公共卫生问题之一。HCV具有高度遗传异质性,其基因型/亚型多态性是决定病毒传播演化、致病机制及临床诊疗决策的生物学基础。本文系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网和万方数据知识服务平台等数据库,纳入并分析近30年内发表的关于HCV基因型/亚型分子流行病学和分型技术进展的相关文献。全球HCV流行呈地域聚集性,以GT1、GT3和GT4基因型为主,我国HCV亚型分布由1b、2a向3a、3b和6a亚型转变。高通量测序及多靶区联合验证技术逐步取代传统PCR/线性探针技术,未来需依托基因型数据构建筛查—确证—治疗—随访的全流程闭环管理体系,为我国达成2030年消除病毒性肝炎战略目标提供依据。
Abstract：Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and is one of the major global public health issues. HCV exhibits high genetic heterogeneity, and the polymorphism of its genotypes and subtypes forms the biological basis for viral transmission and evolution, pathogenic mechanisms, and clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions. In this review, relevant literature published in the past 30 years on the molecular epidemiology of HCV genotypes/subtypes and advances in genotyping techniques was systematically retrieved and analyzed from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform. The global HCV epidemic exhibits spatial-temporal clustering, with genotypes 1 (GT1), 3 (GT3) and 4 (GT4) predominating, whereas the HCV subtype distribution in China has shifted from subtypes 1b and 2a to subtypes 3a, 3b and 6a. High-throughput sequencing and multi-target combined verification techniques are gradually replacing conventional PCR/line probe assays. In the future, genotype data should be utilized to construct a closed-loop management system covering the entire process of screening, confirmation, treatment and follow-up, so as to provide the evidence for achieving China's strategic goal of eliminating viral hepatitis by 2030.
宋芳, 白雪, 李翔, 王培生 综述, 廖秀峰 审校. 丙型肝炎病毒基因型流行特征和分型技术进展[J]. 预防医学, 2026, 38(9): 907-911.
SONG Fang, BAI Xue, LI Xiang, WANG Peisheng, LIAO Xiufeng. Epidemiological characteristics and evolution of genotyping technologies for hepatitis C virus genotypes. Preventive Medicine, 2026, 38(9): 907-911.
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