Association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus
MA Yizhu1, ZHAO Xiaoguo1, ZHU Qiying2, Mayila Maimaiti2, ZHANG Huanmei3, YUAN Xiaolin3, LI Li2
1. School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; 2. The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China; 3. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Abstract：Objective To explore the association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), so as to provide the guidance of diet balance and GDM prevention for pregnant women. Methods Pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from December 2021 to July 2022 were selected as the subjects. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was employed at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation to diagnose GDM. The questionnaire of "The Survey on Nutrition and Health of Pregnant Women in China" was used to collect general information, food intake frequency and amount during a month before OGTT. Dietary patterns were determined by factor analysis, and the association between dietary patterns and the development of GDM was identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results Totally 449 pregnant women were included, with a median (interquartile range) age of 31.00 (5.00) years and a median (interquartile range) gestational age of 35.00 (3.00) weeks. There were 7 dietary patterns named potato-cereal pattern, poultry-meat-dessert pattern, milk-egg-aquatic product pattern, mushroom-vegetable-offal pattern, fruit-bean pattern, pickle-wheaten food pattern, and beverage-nut pattern according to the food types with high factor loads. There were 89 cases diagnosed as GDM, with a prevalence rate of 19.82%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the development of GDM was associated with the poultry-meat-dessert pattern (OR=0.242, 95%CI: 0.086-0.678) and the fruit-bean pattern (OR=0.093, 95%CI: 0.025-0.342), compared with the potato-cereal pattern. Conclusion Compared to the potato-cereal pattern, the poultry-meat-dessert pattern and the fruit-bean pattern may reduce the risk of GDM.
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