1. Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China; 2. Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
Abstract：Objective To examine the associations of occupational stress and well-being with depressive symptoms among couriers. Methods Four cities of Hangzhou, Ningbo, Jiaxing and Taizhou were sampled from Zhejiang Province according to the economic development level, and couriers were randomly sampled from 40 service stations assigned by 25 mainstream express transportation corporations in these four cities. Participants' occupational stress, well-being and depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Core Occupational Stress Scale (COSS), the World Health Organisation-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and Chinese version of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). In addition, the associations of participants' occupational stress and well-being with depressive symptoms were examined using hierarchical linear regression analysis. Results A total of 1 302 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 136 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 87.25%. The participants included 839 males (73.86%), and 297 females (26.14%), and had a mean age of (33.34±8.17) years and a mean service length of (8.95±7.82) years. The detection rates of occupational stress, low well-being and depressive symptoms were 32.48%, 50.79%, and 31.87% among participants, respectively. After adjustment for educational level, income, marital status and smoking, hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that well-being (β=0.171), social support (β=-0.298), organization and reward (β=0.200), demand and effort dimensions of COSS (β=0.284) were statistically correlated with depressive symptoms (all P<0.001). Conclusion Occupational stress and low well-being may increase the risk of depressive symptoms among couriers.
[1] 帅满. 总体调适与分类治理结合提升快递员群体的获得感[J].社会治理,2021(10):53-57. SHUAI M.Combining overall adjustment and classification management to enhance the sense of acquisition of the courier group[J].Soc Gov Rev,2021(10):53-57. [2] 林原,李晓晖,李燕荣.北京市快递员过劳现状及其影响因素:基于1 214名快递员的调查[J].中国流通经济,2018,32(8):79-88. LIN Y,LI X H,LI Y R.Empirical research on employment and overwork situation of couriers:based on the investigation of 1 214 couriers in Beijing[J].China Bus Mark,2018,32(8):79-88. [3] PARK S, KOOK H, SEOK H, et al.The negative impact of long working hours on mental health in young Korean workers[J/OL].PLoS One,2020,15(8)[2022-10-27].https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236931. [4] ELBAY R Y, KURTULMU A, ARPACOLU S, et al.Depression,anxiety,stress levels of physicians and associated factors in Covid-19 pandemics[J/OL].Psychiatry Res,2020,290[2022-10-27].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113130. [5] YONG X,GAO X,ZHANG Z,et al.Associations of occupational stress with job burn-out,depression and hypertension in coal miners of Xinjiang,China:a cross-sectional study[J/OL].BMJ Open,2020,10(7)[2022-10-27].https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036087. [6] HONG Y,ZHANG Y,XUE P,et al.The Influence of long working hours,occupational stress,and well-being on depression among couriers in Zhejiang,China[J/OL].Front Psychol,2022[2022-10-27].https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.928928 [7] STELNICKI A M, CARLETON R N, REICHERT C.Nurses' mental health and well-being:COVID-19 impacts[J].Can J Nurs Res,22020,52(3):237-239. [8] 王瑾,张巧耘,陈惠清,等.中国职业人群职业紧张测量核心量表编制[J].中华预防医学杂志,2020,54(11):1184-1189. WANG J,ZHANG Q Y,CHEN H Q,et al.Development of the Core Occupational Stress Scale for occupational populations in China[J].Chin J Prev Med,2020,54(11):1184-1189. [9] TOPP C W, ØSTERGAARD S D, SØNDERGAARD S, et al.The WHO-5 well-being Index:a systematic review of the literature[J].Psychother Psychosom,2015,84(3):167-176. [10] WANG W, BIAN Q, ZHAO Y, et al.Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population[J].Gen Hosp Psychiatry,2014,36(5):539-544. [11] 胡天琪,陈志冰,刘玮,等.职业应激对铁路工务系统职工心理健康的影响[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2021,39(10):766-769. HU T Q,CHEN Z B,LIU W,et al.Effect of occupational stress on the mental health of railway workers[J].Chin J Ind Hyg Occup Dis,2021,39(10):766-769. [12] 李静,王迎,孙璇.三级医院高年资护士心理健康状况调查[J].预防医学,2019,31(5):502-504. LI J,WANG Y,SUN X.Investigation on mental health of senior nurses in tertiary hospitals[J].Prev Med,2019,31(5):502-504. [13] 乔舒茵. 吉林省在校大学生抑郁症状现状及影响因素研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2022. QIAO S Y.Study on the prevalence and influencing factors of depressive symptoms among college students in Jilin Province[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2022. [14] KALMBACH D A, TODD A J, SONG P X, et al.Sleep disturbance and short sleep as risk factors for depression and perceived medical errors in first-year residents[J/OL].Sleep,2017,40(3)[2022-10-27].https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsw073. [15] 梁振华,刘志敏.最熟悉的陌生人:太原市快递员生存现状与社会融入研究[J].山西高等学校社会科学学报,2020,32(3):19-25. LIANG Z H,LIU Z M.The Most “familiar” strangers:study on the living status and social integration of couriers in Taiyuan[J].Soc Sci J Univ Shanxi,2020,32(3):19-25. [16] KAORI,YOSHIZAWA,NORIO,et al.Relationship between occupational stress and depression among psychiatric nurses in Japan[J].Arch Environ Occup Health,2016,71(1):10-15. [17] OENNING NSX,ZIEGELMANN PK,GOULART BNG,et al.Occupational factors associated with major depressive disorder:a Brazilian population-based study[J].J Affect Disord,2018,240:48-56. [18] ZHENG R,ZHOU Y,QIU M, et al.Prevalence and associated factors of depression,anxiety,and stress among Hubei pediatric nurses during COVID-19 pandemic[J/OL].Compr Psychiatry,2020,104[2022-10-27].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152217. [19] 孙璇,李静,王迎,等.新入职护士焦虑和抑郁状况及影响因素分析[J].预防医学,2019,31(2):170-173. SUN X,LI J,WANG Y,et al.The status and influencing factors of anxiety and depression among new recruited nurses[J].Prev Med,2019,31(2):170-173. [20] RACINE N,ZUMWALT K,MCDONALD S,et al.Perinatal depression:the role of maternal adverse childhood experiences and social support[J].J Affect Disord,2020,263:576-581. [21] 李晓艺,陈惠清,王瑾,等.劳动密集型企业工人职业紧张、职业倦怠与抑郁症状关系[J].中国职业医学,2022,49(1):29-33,40. LI X Y,CHEN H Q,WANG J,et al.Association of occupational stress,job burnout and depressive symptoms of employees in labor-intensive enterprises[J].China Occup Med,2022,49(1):29-33,40. [22] MUNOZ R F.Prevent depression in pregnancy to boost all mental health[J].Nature,2019,574(7780):631-633. [23] MULLARKEY M C,MARCHETTI I,BLUTH K,et al.Symptom centrality and infrequency of endorsement identify adolescent depression symptoms more strongly associated with life satisfaction[J].J Affect Disord,2021,289:90-97.
