Abstract：Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease and infection is one of the most common complications and death causes of SLE. Vaccination is an effective tool for prevention of infections among SLE patients. This expert consensus was achieved by the Rheumatic Disease Prevention and Control Committee, Zhejiang Preventive Medical Association on the prevention of infections with vaccines, types of vaccines, vaccination timing, efficacy and safety of vaccines and impact of therapeutic agents for SLE on vaccinations to guide the rheumatologists and vaccination professionals for scientific and standardized vaccinations among SLE patients, so as to prevent infection and improve quality of life among SLE patients.
[1] ZHU T Y,TAM L S,LEE V W,et al.The impact of flare on disease costs of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus[J].Arthritis Rheum,2009,61(9):1159-1167. [2] ILLESCAS-MONTES R,CORONA-CASTRO C C,MELGUIZO-RODRÍGUEZ L,et al.Infectious processes and systemic lupus erythematosus[J].Immunology,2019,158(3):153-160. [3] LIU Z,DAVIDSON A.Taming lupus-a new understanding of pathogenesis is leading to clinical advances[J].Nat Med,2012,18(6):871-882. [4] GATTO M,ZEN M,IACCARINO L,et al.New therapeutic strategies in systemic lupus erythematosus management[J].Nat Rev Rheumatol,2019,15(1):30-48. [5] RIGANTE D,ESPOSITO S.Infections and systemic lupus erythematosus:binding or sparring partners?[J].Int J Mol Sci,2015,16(8):17331-17343. [6] PAN Q,LIU Z,LIAO S,et al.Current mechanistic insights into the role of infection in systemic lupus erythematosus[J/OL].Biomed Pharmacother,2019,117[2022-10-24].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109122. [7] RIGANTE D,MAZZONI M B,ESPOSITO S.The cryptic interplay between systemic lupus erythematosus and infections[J].Autoimmun Rev,2014,13(2):96-102. [8] WU X Y,YANG M,XIE Y S,et al.Causes of death in hospitalized patients with systemic lupus erythematosus:a 10-year multicenter nationwide Chinese cohort[J].Clin Rheumatol,2019,38(1):107-115. [9] MOK C C.Herpes zoster vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus:the current status[J].Hum Vaccin Immunother,2019,15(1):45-48. [10] DAVID E, BELOT A, LEGA J C, et al.Human papillomavirus and systemic lupus erythematosus[J].Rev Med Interne, 2021, 42(7):498-504. [11] SUN F F,CHEN Y,WU W L,et al.Varicella zoster virus infections increase the risk of disease flares in patients with SLE:a matched cohort study[J/OL].Lupus Sci Med,2019,6(1)[2022-10-24].http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2019-000339. [12] FURER V,RONDAAN C,HEIJSTEK M W,et al.2019 update of EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2020,79(1):39-52. [13] CORDEIRO I,DUARTE A C,FERREIRA J F,et al.Recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases from the portuguese society of rheumatology[J].Acta Reumatol Port,2016,41(2):112-130. [14] AYTAC M B,KASAPCOPUR O,ASLAN M,et al.Hepatitis B vaccination in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus[J].Clin Exp Rheumatol,2011,29(5):882-886. [15] MOK C C,HO L Y,FONG L S,et al.Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus:a case-control study[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2013,72(5):659-664. [16] BOMBARDIER C,GLADMAN D D,UROWITZ M B,et al.Derivation of the SLEDAI.A disease activity index for lupus patients.The Committee on Prognosis Studies in SLE[J].Arthritis Rheum,1992,35(6):630-640. [17] COOK R J,GLADMAN D D,PERICAK D,et al.Prediction of short term mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus with time dependent measures of disease activity[J].J Rheumatol,2000,27(8):1892-1895. [18] GLADMAN D D,UROWITZ M B,KAGAL A,et al.Accurately describing changes in disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus[J].J Rheumatol,2000,27(2):377-379. [19] YEE C S,ISENBERG D A,PRABU A,et al.BILAG-2004 index captures systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity better than SLEDAI-2000[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2008,67(6):873-876. [20] HOLVAST A,HUCKRIEDE A,WILSCHUT J,et al.Safety and efficacy of influenza vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with quiescent disease[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2006,65(7):913-918. [21] LIPNICK R N,KARSH J,STAHL N I,et al.Pneumococcal immunization in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with immunosuppressives[J].J Rheumatol,1985,12(6):1118-1121. [22] KURUMA K A,BORBA E F,LOPES M H,et al.Safety and efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in systemic lupus erythematosus[J].Lupus,2007,16(5):350-354. [23] HARPAZ R,ORTEGA-SANCHEZ I R,SEWARD J F.Prevention of herpes zoster:recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices(ACIP)[J].MMWR Recomm Rep,2008,57(5):1-30. [24] FURER V,EVIATAR T,ZISMAN D,et al.Immunogenicity and safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases and in the general population:a multicentre study[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2021,80(10):1330-1338. [25] GARG M,MUFTI N,PALMORE T N,et al.Recommendations and barriers to vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus[J].Autoimmun Rev,2018,17(10):990-1001. [26] HUA C, BARNETCHE T, COMBE B, et al.Effect of methotrexate, anti-tumor necrosis factor α, and rituximab on the immune response to influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta- analysis[J].Arthritis Care Res,2014,66:1016-1026. [27] RASMUSSEN S L,FUURSTED K,NIELSEN K A,et al.Pneumococcal antibody protection in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases with varying vaccination status[J].Scand J Rheumatol,2020,49(5):353-360. [28] HEIJSTEK M W,SCHERPENISSE M,GROOT N,et al.Immunogenicity and safety of the bivalent HPV vaccine in female patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis:a prospective controlled observational cohort study[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2014,73(8):1500-1507. [29] ABU-SHAKRA M,PRESS J,VARSANO N,et al.Specific antibody response after influenza immunization in systemic lupus erythematosus[J].J Rheumatol,2002,29(12):2555-2557. [30] PAPPAIOANOU M,FISHBEIN D B,DREESEN D W,et al.Antibody response to preexposure human diploid-cell rabies vaccine given concurrently with chloroquine[J].N Engl J Med,1986,314(5):280-284. [31] CHATHAM W W,WALLACE D J,STOHL W,et al.Effect of belimumab on vaccine antigen antibodies to influenza,pneumococcal,and tetanus vaccines in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in the BLISS-76 trial[J].J Rheumatol,2012,39(8):1632-1640. [32] BINGHAM C O 3rd,LOONEY R J,DEODHAR A,et al.Immunization responses in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with rituximab:results from a controlled clinical trial[J].Arthritis Rheum,2010,62(1):64-74. [33] 浙江省卫生健康委员会.浙江省疫苗接种方案(2021年版)[EB/OL].[2022-10-24].https://wsjkw.zj.gov.cn/art/2021/10/19/art_1229560650_2369617.html. [34] PAPP K A,HARAOUI B,KUMAR D,et al.Vaccination guidelines for patients with immune-mediated disorders on immunosuppressive therapies[J].J Cutan Med Surg,2019,23(1):50-74. [35] LOPEZ A,MARIETTE X,BACHELEZ H,et al.Vaccination recommendations for the adult immunosuppressed patient:a systematic review and comprehensive field synopsis[J].J Autoimmun,2017,80:10-27.
