Abstract：Objective To comprehensively evaluate the risk factors of aplastic anemia，and provide scientific evidence for the primary prevention of aplastic anemia.Methods The published Papers were searched by“aplastic anemia”“case control study”and“risk factors”as key words collected from Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure，Chinese VIP journal database，PubMed，Cochrane library and Clinical Trial and other databases，ranged from the creation date of each database to September 2017 .A meta-analysis of studies on risk factors was performed to calculate the pooled odd ratios（ORs）with 95% confidence intervals（CIs）with Software Stata 14.0.Results The database search resulted in the identification of 1，094 articles. After screening，22 case-control studies were included in the study with 16 factors. Ten risk factors were showed statistically significant differences，including paint exposure（OR=3.82，95%CI：1.68-8.66），chloramphenicol（OR=3.21， 95%CI：1.98-5.20），benzene exposure（OR=2.94，95%CI：2.11-4.11），glue exposure（OR=2.56，95%CI：1.28-5.12），history of hepatitis（OR=2.54，95%CI：1.94-3.34），hair dye exposure（OR=2.37，95%CI：1.08-5.22），pesticides exposure（OR=1.98，95%CI：1.60-2.45），β-lactam（OR=1.77，95%CI：1.03-3.06），sulfonamides（OR=1.64，95%CI：1.03-2.61）and fuel/oil exposure（OR=1.53，95%CI：1.25-1.87），and high economic income（OR=0.52，95%CI：0.43-0.63）is the protective factor.Conclusion The meta-analysis of case-control studies suggests that the risk factors of aplastic anemia mainly including four aspects：drug use，past history，socioeconomic status and occupational or environmental exposure to chemical toxic substances.
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