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| Epidemiological characteristics and evolution of genotyping technologies for hepatitis C virus genotypes |
| SONG Fang, BAI Xue, LI Xiang, WANG Peisheng, LIAO Xiufeng
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| Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Urumqi Institute of Public Health Supervision),Urumqi, Xinjiang 830026, China |
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Abstract Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and is one of the major global public health issues. HCV exhibits high genetic heterogeneity, and the polymorphism of its genotypes and subtypes forms the biological basis for viral transmission and evolution, pathogenic mechanisms, and clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions. In this review, relevant literature published in the past 30 years on the molecular epidemiology of HCV genotypes/subtypes and advances in genotyping techniques was systematically retrieved and analyzed from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform. The global HCV epidemic exhibits spatial-temporal clustering, with genotypes 1 (GT1), 3 (GT3) and 4 (GT4) predominating, whereas the HCV subtype distribution in China has shifted from subtypes 1b and 2a to subtypes 3a, 3b and 6a. High-throughput sequencing and multi-target combined verification techniques are gradually replacing conventional PCR/line probe assays. In the future, genotype data should be utilized to construct a closed-loop management system covering the entire process of screening, confirmation, treatment and follow-up, so as to provide the evidence for achieving China's strategic goal of eliminating viral hepatitis by 2030.
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Received: 04 March 2026
Revised: 07 September 2026
Published: 22 September 2026
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