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| Epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Karamay City from 2010 to 2025 |
| LI Xia, HUANG Lijuan, Mayisha Daken, LIN Jie
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| Karamay Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Karamay Institute of Public Health Supervision), Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China |
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Abstract Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2010 to 2025, so as to provide a basis for optimizing varicella immunization strategies and improving varicella prevention and control measures. Methods Data on varicella cases in Karamay City from 2010 to 2025 were collected through the Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and vaccination data were collected through the Immunization Planning Information Management System of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the temporal, regional and population distributions of varicella from 2010 to 2025, as well as the distribution of varicella breakthrough cases and the interval between onset and the last immunization. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was used to analyze the trend in reported incidence of varicella. Results A total of 6 416 varicella cases were reported in Karamay City from 2010 to 2025, with an average annual reported incidence of 92.69/105. The reported incidence showed an overall downward trend (AAPC=-9.125%, P<0.05). Varicella cases were reported in all months, and higher seasonal indexes were observed in November, December and January (170.37%, 149.42% and 148.86%, respectively). The number of reported varicella cases in Karamay District was relatively high, with 4 834 cases, accounting for 75.34%, and the average annual reported incidence was 109.26/105. The average annual reported incidence was higher in males than in females (97.31/105 vs. 87.70/105, P<0.05). The average annual reported incidences of varicella were relatively high in the groups aged 5-<10 years and 10-<15 years, with 472.17/105 and 367.88/105, respectively. The number of reported cases among students was relatively high, with 3 628 cases (56.55%). A total of 621 varicella breakthrough cases were identified, accounting for 9.68%. The constituent ratio of breakthrough cases from 2010 to 2025 ranged from 0.48% to 24.38%, showing an upward trend (P<0.05). The interval between onset and the last immunization among breakthrough cases with 1-dose immunization history was longer than that in cases with 2-dose immunization history [4.57 (4.18) years vs. 2.46 (2.42) years, P<0.05]. Conclusions The overall reported incidence of varicella in Karamay City from 2010 to 2025 showed a downward trend, but the incidence remained relatively high. Winter was the high-incidence season, Karamay District was the high-incidence area, and males, the population aged 5-<15 years, and students were the high-risk populations. The constituent ratio of breakthrough cases showed an increasing trend.
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Received: 12 May 2026
Revised: 31 July 2026
Published: 21 August 2026
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