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| Effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and smoking cessation intervention on patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| LI Baozhu, YU Caixia, YANG Jianhua
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| Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China |
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Abstract Objective To evaluate the effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with smoking cessation on patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), so as to provide references for slowing down the decline of pulmonary function and improving clinical prognosis. Methods Patients with stable COPD, tobacco dependence, and aged ≥50 years who attended the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Zhengzhou First People's Hospital from June 2021 to June 2024 were enrolled and randomly divided into the control group and the intervention group. The control group received comprehensive smoking cessation interventions, while the intervention group was additionally treated with high-frequency rTMS for 4 weeks on the basis of the interventions for the control group. Basic information including gender, COPD classification, and smoking duration was collected. The visual analogue scale (VAS) for cigarette craving and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess nicotine craving and sleep quality, respectively. Pulmonary function indicators such as forced expiratory volume in one second as percentage of predicted value (FEV1%pred), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and inspiratory capacity (IC) were measured using a pulmonary function instrument. The Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were used to evaluate quality of life. The differences in the above indicators between the two groups before and after intervention were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results The intervention group included 69 male patients (92.00%), with a median age was 71.00 (interquartile range, 29.00) years. The control group included 72 male patients (96.00%), with a median age was 70.00 (interquartile range, 29.00) years. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in gender, age, COPD classification, smoking duration and smoking index (all P>0.05). Repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated significant group-time interactions in VAS score, PSQI score, IC, CCQ score and SGRQ score (all P<0.05). After intervention, the intervention group showed greater decreases in VAS, PSQI, CCQ and SGRQ scores, and a greater increase in IC than the control group. Conclusion The high-frequency rTMS combined with smoking cessation supervision was superior to smoking cessation intervention alone in reducing nicotine craving, improving sleep quality and IC, and enhancing quality of life among patients with stable COPD.
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Received: 26 August 2025
Revised: 08 January 2026
Published: 22 June 2026
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