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| Characteristics of imported malaria cases in Yiwu City from 2015 to 2024 |
| ZHU Liebo, YE Zhen, FENG Xiayan, JIANG Jun
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| Yiwu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China |
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Abstract Objective To analyze the characteristics of imported malaria and vector surveillance in Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2024, so as to provide the evidence for formulating malaria surveillance, early warning, and control strategies. Methods Data on imported malaria cases in Yiwu City from 2015 to 2024 were collected through the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System and the Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control Information Management System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive analyses were conducted on the temporal distribution, population distribution, import sources, and diagnosis and treatment status of malaria cases. From 2015 to 2021, the light trap method and human-baited net trap method were used to monitor adult mosquitoes during the active mosquito season. From 2022 to 2024, the light trap method was used to monitor adult mosquitoes during both the active mosquito season and the peak period of case reporting. Mosquito genera were identified based on morphological characteristics. Results A total of 266 imported malaria cases were reported in Yiwu City from 2015 to 2024, all of which were laboratory-confirmed. Plasmodium falciparum infection was predominant, accounting for 240 cases (90.23%). The number of reported malaria cases was relatively high from July to November, with 137 cases (51.50%). The majority of cases were males and aged 30-<50 years, accounting for 224 cases (84.21%) and 188 cases (70.68%), respectively. There were 191 foreign cases, among whom 184 (96.34%) were commercial service personnel. Among the 75 Chinese cases, 60 were commercial service personnel and 11 were overseas workers. The main source of cases was Africa, accounting for 225 cases (84.59%). County-level hospitals were the primary first-visit institutions, accounting for 181 cases (68.05%). The misdiagnosis rate was relatively high in township and lower-level medical institutions, ranging from 71.43% to 100.00%. The predominant clinical symptom was fever, present in 183 cases (68.80%). Concurrent presentation of three clinical symptoms was observed in 93 cases, and two symptoms in 48 cases. Asymptomatic infection was noted in 79 cases. From 2015 to 2021, a total of 617 Anopheles mosquitoes were captured, all identified as Anopheles sinensis, primarily in livestock farming areas. From 2022 to 2024, only one Anopheles sinensis mosquito was captured. Conclusions From 2015 to 2024, imported malaria in Yiwu City was predominantly Plasmodium falciparum malaria, showing seasonal clustering. Cases mainly originated from Africa, with the majority being male, young and middle-aged adults, and commercial service personnel. Insufficient first-visit diagnostic capacity at primary healthcare institutions was a weak link in prevention and control, whereas the risk of local re-transmission remained low.
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Received: 04 January 2026
Revised: 13 February 2026
Published: 21 April 2026
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