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| Research progress on passive strategies for drowning prevention technology |
| ZHU Yinchao1, WANG Sijia1, GUO Lihua2
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1. Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China;
2. Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China |
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Abstract Drowning is a global public health issue characterized by sudden occurrence, insidious presentation, and poor health prognosis, which poses higher requirements for the time sensitivity, judgment accuracy, and response reliability of drowning prevention and control technologies. Among drowning prevention and control strategies, passive strategies can achieve injury prevention and control purposes through safely designed products, making them more effective than active strategies. This paper reviewed literature, books, and patent webpages related to drowning prevention and control technologies from January 2015 to August 2025. Based on the basic characteristics of drowning, this paper summarized innovative technologies for passive strategies including physical drowning hazard environments, drowning person identification, and rescue, analyzed and compared their technical principles, applicable scenarios, advantages and disadvantages, so as to provide the evidence for promoting interdisciplinary research and practical application of drowning prevention and control technologies.
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Received: 12 September 2025
Revised: 04 December 2025
Published: 11 February 2026
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