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| Myopia and growth rate among children and adolescents in Xi'an City |
| YANG Yan, MA Qianqian, HUANG Ying, ZHANG Songjie, WANG Yanbo
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| Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710200, China |
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Abstract Objective To investigate the current status of myopia and the growth rate of myopia detection rate among children and adolescents in Xi'an City, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents. Methods From October to November 2022, children and adolescents from 33 kindergartens, 32 primary schools, 33 junior high schools, 31 regular senior high schools, and 13 vocational high school in Xi'an City were selected as survey subjects using a stratified random cluster sampling method. Basic information including gender, age, school stage, and region was collected through the Shaanxi Provincial Monitoring Platform for Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors among Students. Myopia was determined based on distance visual acuity and refractive examination. A cubic polynomial function growth model fitting the change of myopia detection rate with age was constructed, and the growth rate model was fitted by derivation to analyze the growth rate of myopia detection rate with age among children and adolescents of different genders and regions. Results A total of 40 181 children and adolescents were surveyed, including 20 307 boys (50.54%) and 19 874 girls (49.46%). The median age was 12.39 (interquartile range, 6.71) years. A total of 23 376 children and adolescents were detected with myopia, with a detection rate of 58.18%. The myopia detection rate in girls was higher than in boys (61.96% vs. 54.47%, P<0.05), and the detection rate in urban children and adolescents was higher than in suburban county children and adolescents (59.54% vs. 56.38%, P<0.05). The growth rate of myopia detection rate among children and adolescents in Xi'an City showed an overall trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The peak plateau period occurred at 7-<10 years, with the growth rates of 8.67%, 8.80% and 8.68%, respectively. The peak growth rates of myopia detection rate in both boys and girls in the 8-<9 years age group, at 8.09% and 9.74%, respectively. Before the age of 13 years, the growth rate of myopia detection rate in girls was higher than that in boys, and then lower than that in boys. The peak growth rates of myopia detection rate in urban and suburban county children and adolescents in the 7-<8 years and 9-<10 years age groups, at 9.08% and 8.94%, respectively. Before the age of 8 years, the growth rate of myopia detection rate in urban children and adolescents was higher than that in suburban county children and adolescents; it was lower than that in suburban county from 8 to 15 years, and became higher than that in suburban county after the age of 15 years. Conclusions The myopia detection rate among children and adolescents in Xi'an City presented a distribution pattern of higher in girls than in boys, and higher in urban than in suburban county. The growth rate of myopia detection rate with age showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the peak growth rate occurred in the lower grades of primary school. It is recommended to formulate differentiated intervention strategies based on gender, region and age.
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Received: 07 May 2026
Revised: 02 August 2026
Published: 22 September 2026
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