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| Evaluation on protective effect of influenza vaccine among the elderly in Jiaxing City |
| LIU Yang, FU Xiaofei, WANG Yuanhang, LI Rui
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| Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314050, China |
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Abstract Objective To evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of influenza among the elderly aged ≥60 years in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide a basis for optimizing influenza vaccination strategies and improving vaccination rates. Methods A test-negative case-control design was employed. Influenza-like illness cases aged ≥60 years who sought medical care at influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Jiaxing City from September 2024 to March 2025 were selected as the study subjects. Influenza virus nucleic acid was detected using real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cases with positive nucleic acid tests were included in the influenza virus-positive group, while those with negative tests were included in the influenza virus-negative group. Demographic information, medical history, and influenza vaccination status were collected through questionnaire surveys, medical record information systems, and the Zhejiang Provincial Immunization Program Smart Service Information System. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for influenza virus positivity and to evaluate VE. Results A total of 1 145 influenza-like illness cases were included, including 579 males and 566 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.02∶1. The age group of 60-<70 years was predominant, accounting for 38.86% (445 cases). A total of 415 cases (36.24%) had received influenza vaccination. There were 393 influenza virus-positive cases (34.32%), all of which were influenza A (H1N1) subtype, and 752 influenza virus-negative cases (65.68%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that influenza vaccination was associated with a significantly reduced risk of influenza virus positivity (OR=0.538, 95%CI: 0.405-0.716), with a VE of 46.16% (95%CI: 28.38%-59.52%). Subgroup analysis results indicate that influenza vaccination significantly protects older adults regardless of gender, age, underlying medical conditions, or the interval between vaccination and the onset of illness. There is no interaction between gender, age, underlying medical conditions, the interval between vaccination and onset of illness, and the influenza vaccination on influenza virus positivity (Pfor interaction>0.05). Conclusions Influenza vaccines provide protective effects against influenza A (H1N1) virus infection among the elderly in Jiaxing. It is recommended to continue promoting influenza vaccination among the elderly.
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Received: 15 December 2025
Revised: 04 May 2026
Published: 27 May 2026
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