Evaluation of dietary quality among adult residents in Jinhua City
SHENTU Pingping1, ZHU Jiahui1, SU Danting2, LÜ Gongjin1
1. Jinhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321002, China; 2. Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
Abstract：Objective To evaluate the dietary quality among residents aged 18-79 years in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province using Dietary Balance Index (DBI_22), so as to provide evidence for improving residents' nutritional status and formulating targeted nutritional intervention measures. Methods From July to October in 2023-2024, a multi-stage random sampling method was employed to select residents aged 18-79 years in Jinhua City as survey subjects. Demographic information was collected through questionnaire survey. Dietary intake was investigated using 3 d 24 h dietary recall method. The DBI_22 higher bound score (DBI_HBS), lower bound score (DBI_LBS), and Dietary Quality Distance (DBI_DQD) were calculated to evaluate dietary quality. Dietary patterns were determined based on DBI_HBS and DBI_LBS scores. Results A total of 3 284 residents were surveyed, with an average age of (52.81±14.93) years. There were 1 590 males (48.42%) and 1 694 females (51.58%). There were 857 urban residents (26.10%) and 2 427 rural residents (73.90%). The DBI_HBS was (13.85±4.91) points, with low excessive intake accounting for 61.18%; the DBI_LBS was (20.05±5.62) points, with low insufficient intake accounting for 74.54%; the DBI_DQD was (33.90±7.75) points, with low and moderate dietary imbalance accounting for 49.73% and 46.99%, respectively. Males, residents aged 60-79 years, and rural residents had higher DBI_DQD scores, indicating dietary imbalance. Insufficient intake was reported by 84.81% of residents for fruits, 96.56% for milk, and 55.09% for legumes. Excessive consumption was observed in 80.36% for poultry/meat and 39.74% for salt. Among the six identified dietary patterns, pattern A was optimal and adopted by 518 residents (15.77%), while patterns D and E had the highest participation rates, with 1 045 (31.82%) and 1 037 (31.58%) residents, respectively. Conclusions The dietary intake among residents in Jinhua City is characterized by both insufficient intake and excessive intake. Males, residents aged 60-79 years, and rural residents are key populations with dietary imbalance. The main dietary patterns are characterized by insufficient intake of fruits, milk, and legumes, and excessive intake of poultry/meat and salt.
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