Abstract：Objective To investigate the association between dietary behaviors and overweight and obesity among middle school students, so as to provide the evidence for developing dietary intervention strategies for them. Methods From October to December 2023, a total of 7 063 middle school students from six counties (districts) in Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province were selected through stratified cluster random sampling method. Demographic information, physical activity, sleep, and dietary behaviors over the past year were collected through questionnaire surveys. Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI), with overweight and obesity determined based on gender- and age-specific BMI cut-off points. The association between dietary behaviors and overweight and obesity was analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results Totally 7 063 questionnaires were allocated, and 7 045 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.75%. There were 3 925 males (55.71%) and 3 120 females (44.29%). A total of 2 326 students were overweight and obesity, with the prevalence of 33.02%. There were significant differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among middle school students with different genders, whether they were the only child or not, different intake frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages, and different intake frequency of beans and soy products (all P<0.05). After adjusting for factors such as gender, education stage, whether the only child, whether living on school, physical activity and sleep, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency of snack consumption (1-2 times/week, OR=0.803, 95%CI: 0.669-0.963; 3-6 times/week, OR=0.759, 95%CI: 0.623-0.926; daily, OR=0.758, 95%CI: 0.595-0.964), sugar-sweetened beverages consumption (1-2 times/week, OR=1.166, 95%CI: 1.012-1.343; daily, OR=1.891, 95%CI: 1.302-2.746) and beans and soy products consumption (1-2 times/week, OR=0.787, 95%CI: 0.628-0.987) were the influencing factors of overweight and obesity among middle school students. Conclusions The frequencies of snack, beans and soy products and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption are associated with overweight and obesity among middle school students. Targeted interventions should be strengthened to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity.
[1] RAMADAS A,RIZAL H,RAJAKUMAR S,et al.Dietary intake,obesity,and metabolic risk factors among children and adolescents in the SEACO-CH20 cross-sectional study[J/OL].Sci Rep,2024,14(1)[2025-03-24].https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61090-7. [2] ROSTAMPOUR N,NADERI M,KHEIRI S,et al.The Relationship between body mass index and depression,anxiety,body image,and eating attitudes in adolescents in Iran[J/OL].Adv Biomed Res,2022,11(1)[2025-03-24].https://doi.org/10.4103/abr.abr_259_20. [3] WEIHRAUCH-BLÜHER S,SCHWARZ P,KLUSMANN J H,et al.Childhood obesity:increased risk for cardiometabolic disease and cancer in adulthood[J].Metabolism,2019,92:147-152. [4] JEBEILE H,KELLY A S,O'MALLEY G,et al.Obesity in children and adolescents:epidemiology,causes,assessment,and management[J].Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol,2022,10(5):351-365. [5] OOI D S Q,TOH J Y,NG L Y B,et al.Dietary intakes and eating behavior between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotypes in Asian children and adolescents[J/OL].Nutrients,2022[2025-03-24].https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224796. [6] 闫心语,张曼,李亦斌,等.中国城市高年级小学生食物摄入频次现况[J] .中国学校卫生,2019,40(2):190-193. YAN X Y,ZHANG M,LI Y B,et al.Food intake frequency among grade four and grade five primary school students in six cities of China[J].Chin J Sch Health,2019,40(2):190-193.(in Chinese) [7] 张云婷,马生霞,陈畅,等.中国儿童青少年身体活动指南[J].中国循证儿科杂志,2017,12(6):401–409. ZHANG Y T,MA S X,CHEN C,et al.Physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents in China[J].Chin J Evid Based Pediatr,2017,12(6):401–409. ( in Chinese) [8] PARUTHI S,BROOKS L J,D'AMBROSIO C,et al.Recommended amount of sleep for pediatric populations:a consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine[J].J Clin Sleep Med,2016,12(6):785-786. [9] 中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.学生健康检查技术规范:GB/T 26343—2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011. Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Technical standard for physical examination for students:GB/T 26343—2010[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2011.(in Chinese) [10] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查:WS/T 586—2018[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018. National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China.Screening for overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescents:WS/T 586—2018[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2018.(in Chinese) [11] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会.中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)[J].营养学报,2020,42(6):521. National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China.Report on the nutrition and chronic diseases status of Chinese residents 2020[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sin,2020,42(6):521.(in Chinese) [12] 梁茵茵,袁瑞,朱幸,等.湖州市中小学生超重肥胖状况调查[J].预防医学,2024,36(10):847-850. LIANG Y Y,YUAN R,ZHU X,et al.Overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students in Huzhou City[J].China Prev Med J,2024,36(10):847-850.(in Chinese) [13] TIAN X,VON CRAMON-TAUBADEL S.Are only children in China more likely to be obese/overweight than their counterparts with siblings?[J/OL].Econ Hum Biol,2020,37[2025-03-24].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100847. [14] HONG Y,ULLAH R,WANG J B,et al.Trends of obesity and overweight among children and adolescents in China[J].World J Pediatrics,2023,19(12):1115-1126. [15] 高雷,孟佳,李娟娟,等.浙江省7~22岁学生超重肥胖现况调查[J].预防医学,2021,33(12):1215-1219. GAO L,MENG J,LI J J,et al.A cross-sectional study of overweight and obesity among 7-22 year-old students in Zhejiang Province[J].China Prev Med J,2021,33(12):1215-1219.(in Chinese) [16] MUTH N D,DIETZ W H,MAGGE S N,et al.Public policies to reduce sugary drink consumption in children and adolescents[J/OL].Pediatrics,2019,143(4)[2025-03-24].https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-0282. [17] 景方圆,李迎君,范春红.中国儿童青少年含糖饮料消费与肥胖的相关性研究[J].预防医学,2018,30(5):494-497,501. JING F Y,LI Y J,FAN C H.Association between sweetened beverages consumption and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents[J].China Prev Med J,2018,30(5):494-497,501.(in Chinese) [18] 李安怡. 全大豆豆浆改善脂代谢的功效研究[D].无锡:江南大学,2023. LI A Y.Effect of whole soybean milk on improving lipidmetabolism[D].Wuxi:University of Jiangnan,2023(in Chinese) [19] 黄绯绯,张继国,李园,等.中国儿童青少年零食消费状况及其与超重肥胖的关联[J].中国学校卫生,2023,44(9):1319-1323,1327. HUANG F F,ZHANG J G,LI Y,et al.Snack consumption of children and adolescents in China and its correlation with overweight and obesity[J].Chin J Sch Health,2023,44(9):1319-1323,1327.(in Chinese)
