Relationship between depressive symptoms and frailty among middle-aged and elderly populations
XING Yuping1, XING Hui2, LI Miao2, GAO Yan1
1. Department of General Practice, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, Shandong 250031, China; 2. Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
Abstract：Objective To investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and frailty among middle-aged and elderly populations, so as to provide insights into the early identification and prevention of frailty. Methods Based on the 2018 database of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), demographic information, lifestyle and self-rated health status were collected from people aged 50 years and older. Depression symptoms were evaluated using the Short Version of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scales (CES-D-10), and the frailty status was evaluated using frailty index. The relationship between depressive symptoms and frailty among middle-aged and elderly populations were using a multivariable logistic regression model, and the dose-response relationship was analyzed using a restricted cubic spline model. Results A total of 5 172 individuals were enrolled, including 2 495 males (48.24%) and 2 677 females (51.76%), with a median age of 63.00 (interquartile range, 12.00) years, a median CES-D-10 score of 7.00 (interquartile range, 9.00) scores. There were 1 560 participants (30.16%) detected with mild depressive symptoms, 360 participants (6.96%) detected with moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, age, educational level, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption and self-rated health status, participants who had mild depressive symptoms (OR=4.226, 95%CI: 3.625-4.928) and moderate to severe depressive symptoms (OR=10.737, 95%CI: 8.259-13.958) had a higher risk of frailty. The restricted cubic spline model showed a nonlinear relationship between depressive symptoms and frailty among middle-aged and elderly populations. When the CES-D-10 scores were greater than 7, the risk of frailty increased with higher CES-D-10 scores. Conclusion The degree of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people is associated with frailty, and there is a nonlinear relationship between the two.
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