Abstract：Objective To systematically evaluate risk factors for cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), so as to provide the evidence for formulating CMM prevention and control strategies. Methods Publications pertaining to the risk factors for CMM were retrieved from databases, including SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed and Cochrane Library from inception to March 31, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using the software RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0, and sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out method. The publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test. Results Totally 494 publications were screened, and 20 publications were included in the final analysis, including 13 cohort studies (covering 1 940 000 participants) and 7 cross-sectional studies (covering 13 000 000 participants). Meta-analysis revealed that female (OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.40-1.71), middle age (OR=3.80, 95%CI: 3.33-4.34), elderly (OR=2.82, 95%CI: 1.48-5.37), urban resident (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.27-1.57), higher education level (OR=2.01, 95%CI: 1.35-3.01), higher economic level (OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.16-1.25), overweight (OR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.64-2.26), obesity (OR=3.01, 95%CI: 2.30-3.93), central obesity (OR=1.70, 95%CI: 1.12-2.56), smoking (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.07-1.51), alcohol consumption (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.01-1.59), irregular diet (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.02-1.18), insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits (OR=1.12, 95%CI: 1.07-1.17), lack of sleep at night (OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.08-1.27), and depression (OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.33-1.69) were risk factors for CMM. Sensitivity analysis of effects of central obesity and alcohol consumption were not robust. No publication bias was examined by Egger's test. Conclusion Female, middle age, elderly, urban resident, higher education level, higher economic level, overweight, obesity, central obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, irregular diet, insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits, lack of sleep at night and depression are risk factors for CMM.
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