Abstract：Objective To analyze the prevalence of smoking among adults in Ningbo City from 2018 to 2021, so as to provide the scientific evidence for improving the tobacco control policy and evaluating the effectiveness of the tobacco control policy. Methods The permanent residents at ages of 15 to 69 years were recruited from 10 counties ( districts ) in Ningbo City using the stratified multistage random sampling method from 2018 to 2021, and subjects' demographic features, smoking and secondhand smoke exposure were collected using the National Questionnaire for Surveillance on Healthy Literacy and Tobacco Epidemic in Chinese Residents. All data were standardized to the Sixth National Population Census in 2010. The prevalence of smoking, smoking cessation and exposure to secondhand smoke and the trends for the prevalence were estimated among adults in Ningbo City from 2018 to 2021. Results A total of 6 581, 6 340, 6 380 and 6 400 valid questionnaires were recovered from 2018 to 2021, and the effective recovery rates were 99.20%, 97.46%, 97.76% and 98.02%, respectively. The respondents had male to female ratios of 1∶1.05, 1∶1.07, 1∶1.05 and 1∶1.14, and had urban-rural population ratios of 1∶0.75, 1∶0.62, 1∶0.60 and 1∶0.78 from 2018 to 2021, respectively. The prevalence of current smoking was 21.99%, 21.42%, 22.07% and 20.30%, and the standardized prevalence was 22.03%, 20.12%, 21.33% and 19.38% from 2018 to 2021, respectively, appearing no significant changing trend ( χ2trend=3.751, P=0.053 ). The prevalence of current smoking was significantly higher among rural residents than among urban residents, and higher in men than in women ( all P<0.05 ). The prevalence of smoking cessation was 24.44%, 27.11%, 26.97% and 29.59%, and the standardized prevalence was 21.96%, 26.90%, 24.92% and 28.38% from 2018 to 2021, appearing a tendency towards a rise ( χ2rend=11.193, P=0.001 ). The prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke was 52.40%, 50.18%, 48.99% and 44.58%, and the standardized prevalence was 54.08%, 51.45%, 49.95% and 46.76% from 2018 to 2021, showing a tendency towards a decline ( χ2rend=62.094, P<0.001 ) . Conclusions The prevalence of current smoking was approximately 20% among adults in Ningbo City from 2018 to 2021, with a tendency towards a decline in the prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke and a tendency towards a rise in the prevalence of smoking cessation. Rural male residents are key targets for tobacco control.
[1] 李新华. 2018中国成人烟草调查报告[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2020. LI X H.Report on China Adult Tobacco Survey in 2018[M].Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2020. [2] 中华人民共和国卫生部.中国吸烟危害健康报告[R].北京:人民卫生出版社,2012. Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.China reported health hazards of smoking[R].Beijing:People's Medical Press,2020. [3] 浙江省疾病预防控制中心.2018年浙江省成人烟草调查报告[R].杭州:浙江省疾病预防控制中心,2019. Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Report on Zhejiang Adult Tobacco Survey in 2018[R].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,2019. [4] 聂雪琼,李英华,李莉.2012年中国居民健康素养监测数据统计分析方法[J].中国健康教育,2014,30(2):178-181. NIE X Q,LI Y H,LI L.Statistic analysis of 2012 Chinese residents health literacy monitoring[J].Chin J Health Educ,2014,30(2):178-181. [5] 胡如英,展元元,王蒙,等.浙江省成人吸烟行为趋势研究[J].预防医学,2018,30(12):1189-1193,1198. HU R Y,ZHAN Y Y,WANG M,et al.Prevalence and trend of adult smoking in Zhejiang Province[J].Prev Med,2018,30(12):1189-1193,1198. [6] 黄馨缘,吴佳昱,吴倩,等.上海市浦东新区常住居民健康素养与吸烟、饮酒、身体活动的关系[J].环境与职业医学,2019,36(9):847-852. HUANG X Y,WU J Y,WU Q,et al.Associations of health literacy with smoking, drinking, and physical activity in permanent residents in Pudong New Area, Shanghai[J].J Environ Occup Med,2019,36(9):847-852. [7] 彭洪,王勐,何晓燕,等.杭州市15岁及以上居民吸烟情况调查[J].预防医学,2020,32(3):253-257. PENG H,WANG M,HE X Y,et al.Investigation on smoking status of residents aged 15 years and over in Hangzhou[J].Prev Med,2020,32(3):253-257. [8] 孔浩南,张肖卓,肖琴,等.朝阳区15岁及以上居民吸烟情况及影响因素分析[J].预防医学,2021,33(1):94-96. KONG H N,ZHANG X Z,XIAO Q,et al.Prevalence of tobacco use and its influencing factors among residents aged 15 years and above in Chaoyang District[J].Prev Med,2021,33(1):94-96. [9] 王维华,邱琳,飒日娜,等.陕西省2007—2015年居民吸烟趋势变化及影响因素分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2020,41(3):395-399. WANG W H,QIU L,SA R N,et al.Analysis of trends on smoking prevalence and its risk factors in Shaanxi province 2007-2015[J].Chin J Epidemiol,2020,41(3):395-399. [10] 李欣娜,赵玲珑,禄韶华,等.兰州市七里河区18~90岁常住居民2012与2017年吸烟状况比较[J].中国社会医学杂志,2021,38(1):68-72. LI X N,ZHAO L L,LU S H,et al.Comparative study of smoking status of residents aged 18-90 in Qilihe District of Lanzhou between 2012 and 2017[J].Chin J Soc Med,2021,38(1):68-72. [11] 张吉玉,张先慧,鹿子龙,等.山东省居民烟草使用流行水平及变化趋势分析[J].中国健康教育,2019,35(3):195-198. ZHANG J Y,ZHANG X H,LU Z L,et al.Analysis on the status and trend of tobacco use among residents in Shandong Province[J].Chin J Health Educ,2019,35(3):195-198. [12] 申洋,王燕玲,刘胜兰,等.中国四城市部分职业人群吸烟行为及二手烟暴露状况分析[J].中国公共卫生,2018,34(10):1321-1326. SHEN Y,WANG Y L,LIU S L,et al.Smoking and secondhand smoke exposure among working populations in four cities of China[J].Chin J Public Health,2018,34(10):1321-1326. [13] 杨桂丽,陈镭,张晓红,等.温州市居民健康素养与吸烟行为调查[J].预防医学,2018,30(3):253-256. YANG G L,CHEN L,ZHANG X H,et al.Association between health literacy and smoking status among residents in Wenzhou[J].Prev Med,2018,30(3):253-256. [14] 宁波市人民政府.宁波市文明行为促进条例[EB/OL].(2018-10-23)[2022-04-12].http://jgswj.ningbo.gov.cn/art/2018/10/23/art_1229047157_607241.html. [15] 宁波市卫生计划生育委员会.宁波市禁止吸烟执法工作实施细则(暂行)[EB/OL].(2018-02-22)[2022-04-12].http://www.ningbo.gov.cn/art/2018/2/22/art_1229541880_59034635.html.
