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| Research progress on pathogenesis and influencing factors of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis |
| LU Ye, YU Hong
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| Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China |
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Abstract Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common musculoskeletal deformity that endangers the health of children and adolescents worldwide. Its prevalence shows an upward trend and its exact etiology has not been fully elucidated. Existing studies have demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms and the imbalance of the endocrine-microecology axis constitute the endogenous predisposing foundation of AIS. Unfavorable behavior patterns and environmental exposure continuously exert exogenous asymmetric mechanical stress. As pivotal links, epigenetic modification and musculoskeletal physiological development transform abnormal mechanical loading into intracellular signals within chondrocytes of the vertebral growth plate, and further regulate the expression of osteogenesis and osteoclast-related factors. These changes inhibit endochondral ossification on the concave side of the spine and trigger compensatory proliferation on the convex side, thereby promoting the progressive three-dimensional spinal deformity. Literature focusing on the pathogenesis and influencing factors of AIS published from 2000 to 2025 was systematically retrieved from CNKI, PubMed and other databases. Relevant pathogenic factors and their interaction effects were reviewed from four dimensions including heredity, physiology, behavior and environment, so as to provide evidence for clinical early risk identification, formulation of individualized intervention schemes and construction of a comprehensive multidisciplinary prevention and control system.
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Received: 31 December 2025
Revised: 05 May 2026
Published: 21 August 2026
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