Objective To develop a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of enteroviruses and differentiation of EV71 and CA16. Methods Specific primers and probes were designed for enteroviruses,EV71 and CA16.The probes labeled with various fluorescent reporter dyes, and a triplex real-time RT-PCR technique was developed to simultaneously detect these viruses. A total of 91 clinical specimens with suspected HFMD were analyzed by this method. Results This assay could simultaneously detect enterovirus and differentiation of EV71 and CA16,and the sensitivity of the assay was up to 0.1 TCID₅₀/mL, and only need 2 to 3 hours for completing the detection. A total of 91 clinical specimens were detected by this assay in 28 of the 91(30.77%) specimens contained EV71, 9 of the 91(9.89%) contained CA16,and 5 of the 91 (5.49%) contained other enteroviruses. Conclusion This assay would be a useful molecular diagnostic tool for large-scale screening of clinical samples, especially at the peroid of HFMD outbreaks.

Objective To investigate the effects of asbestos exposure on plasma miRNA expression. Methods Plasma samples were collected from control group and asbestos-exposed group (time of exposure >10 years) and three samples from each group were selected to detect differentially expressed miRNA using LC Sciences miRNA Microarray-Single. The target genes of differential miRNA were predicted by three kinds of online software, Target Scan,miRanda and PicTar.GO term enrichment and KEGG pathways were analyzed. Results The results of microarray indicated that there were 40 differential miRNA expression between exposed and control groups(P<0.05), and the signal value of 9 differential miRNA exceeded 500. After analyzing signal pathways of target genes of 5 miRNA, of which the signal values were over 500, these target genes were found mainly involved in pathways associated with cancer and metabolism, including potential function targets of FAS, TP53 and FGFR3. Conclusion Asbestos exposure can result in differentially expressed miRNA in the plasma from workers occupationally exposed to asbestos and the target genes of these miRNA may play important roles in the pathways of cancer. However, the mechanism of these miRNA in asbestos-related diseases needs to be further studied in the future.

Objective To analyze the disease burden of Hangzhou City in 2013 due to smoking. Methods Using attributable risk of smoking from literatures,the demographic data, mortality surveillance, medical insurance information system of smoking related diseases expense, the direct economic burden and indirect economic burden due to smoking in Hangzhou were measured. Main indicators including disability adjusted life year (DALY), direct medical economic burden, production years of losses, early death of indirect economic loss and smoking cause cost and cost of passive smoking were calculated. Results In 2013, The DALY of Hangzhou 6 city area attributed to smoking was 8.11 years over one thousand people.That was less than other domestic cities. There were 1.118 174 1 billion Yuan due to the direct medical economic burden .And the production loss of smoking was 834.41 years. The early death of indirect economic loss of smoking was 57.659 4 million Yuan,and the cost of pathogenic of smoking was 56.936 2 million Yuan, and the cost of pathogenic of passive smoking was 50.915 1 million Yuan. Conclusion The total economic burden of Hangzhou due to smoking was still at a higher level, which could lead to more serious consequences for the health of people and social economic development. Measures should be conducted to strengthen the control of tobacco.

Objective To analyze the relationship between monthly average air temperature and monthly mortality rate among the elderly. Methods The death cause surveillance data between 2011 and 2013 of Yongkang City were used,and the monthly air temperature data was from Statistical Yearbooks published by Bureau of Statistics,and the population data was from the Yongkang public security bureau during this period.The scatter plot of the monthly average temperature and the mortality rate of the elderly were made.According to different causes of death, a linear regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between the two variables.(The monthly mortality rate was the dependent variable and the monthly average temperature was the independent variable). Results There were negative correlation between the monthly air temperature and the mortality rate caused by circulatory disease(r=-0.884,P<0.001).There were negative correlation between the monthly air temperature and the mortality rate caused by respiratory disease.When the monthly air temperature was ≤15 ℃,and regression mode was Y= -6.399 X+186.813(Adjusted R²=0.247).No obvious relationship between the monthly air temperature and the mortality rate caused by malignant tumor was observed(R²_linear=0.006). Conclusion There is a certain relationship between monthly average air temperature and monthly mortality rate among the elderly. Health-care and nursing of the elderly should be strengthened when the temperature is low, especially for those aged over 80 years.

Objective To learn the toxic effects on rats repeatedly exposed to dichloromethane by dermal route at the same dose for 28 days. Methods Seventy two Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups: a solvent control group (oliver oil), four exposure groups (0.75,1.5,3.0 and 6.0 g/kg·BW) and a recovery group. Each group included six female and six male rats.The exposure groups were dermal exposed to DCM at 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 g/kg·BW, 6 hours/ day, 5 days/ week for four weeks. The recovery group was dermal exposed to 6.0 g/kg BW of DCM during the same period then recovered for 2 weeks. Clinical signs including body weight and food consumption of each group were observed. After rats were sacrificed, the hematological and serum biochemical parameters were determined. Histopathological examination was performed on selected tissues for all animals. Results The male rats in test groups including four exposure groups and a recovery group, showed decreased body weight gain. Neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia were determined in females of 3.0 and 6.0 g/kg BW groups and males of 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 g/kg BW groups by blood routine test (P<0.05). The mean levels of serum ALT and AST significantly increased in males of 3.0 and 6.0 g/kg BW groups (P<0.05). Only the mean level of serum TG in males of 6.0 g/kg BW group decreased (P<0.05). No significant differences of these indexes were shown in female rats of all exposure groups compared to control group. The exposure-related significant increases on the incidences of epidermis and dermis lesion,hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis were observed in test groups compared to the control group. The rats of recovery group were exhibited normal percentages of lymphocytes and neutrophils, levels of ALT,AST and TG.The skin and hepatocellular lesion were improved to some extent, but not recovered exactly. Conclusion In a 4-week repeated-dose toxic study, DCM induce dose-related effects in rats involving skin lesion and liver injury with adverse changes in body weight gain of male rats, part parameters of hematology and serum biochemistry .

Objective To explore the effect of aerobic exercise training on artery elasticity among patients with essential hypertension. Methods A total of 155 cases of patients with essential hypertension (EH)were selected, and were divided into control group(76 cases) and aerobic exercise group(79 cases).Control group was follow routine drug therapy, and aerobic exercise group was follow aerobic exercise training besides the routine therapy for 12 weeks.CAVI,ABI values,limb blood pressure,TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C and U-MA were compared before and after the intervention. Results After the intervention,bilateral CAVI values of aerobic exercise group were 7.76±0.15, 7.88±0.15,8.87±0.25 and 8.89±0.22,and lower than those before the intervention(P< 0.05).The decline range of bilateral CAVI value(the difference between the mean differences before and after the intervention) were 1.03±0.07 and 1.03±0.06, significantly wider than the control group of 0.33±1.97 and 0.15±0.08(P< 0.05).After the intervention,limb systolic pressure,diastolic blood pressure and triglyceride, cholesterol decreased in the aerobic exercise group(P< 0.05).The limb systolic blood pressure and left limb diastolic blood pressure decreased in the control group after intervention (P<0.05),but the decline range was smaller than the aerobic exercise group(P<0.05). Conclusion The aerobic exercise training could significantly improve arterial elasticity among patients with essential hypertension.

Objective To learn the epidemic situation of thyroid cancer in Shangcheng District of Hangzhou City and to explore the influencing factors. Methods The data of thyroid cancer incidence from 2006 to 2014 was collected and the annual incidence rates were adjusted by Segi's world standardized population. Results The average incidence of thyroid cancer was 25.48/100 000 and was 28.28/100 000 when adjusted by Segi's world standardized population.The incidence of thyroid cancer among female was 2.56 times higher than that among males.The incidence of female thyroid cancer was higher than male,and the incidence of 30-50 year old group was highest.The incidence of thyroid cancer was increasing year by year. Conclusion The incidence of thyroid cancer in Shangcheng District of Hangzhou was higher than that in China and world,and it was increasing year by year. Thyroid cancer has been the major public health problem,and the government should do harder work to decrease the incidence of thyroid cancer.

Objective To construct a scientific and reasonable evaluation index system for the national health city. Methods A two-round Delphi consultation method was used. Results The positive coefficient of the first round of consultation of the expert was 90%,and the index system of the authority coefficient was 0.78.A total of 85 index were selected and eventually evaluation system including 5 first level indicators,22 second level indicators and 85 third level indicators were developed.The third level indicators with high weight included compliance rate of centralized drinking water source water quality,average level of regional environmental noise,office expenses,and mass satisfaction. Conclusion The structure of the evaluation index system is reasonable and targeted, and could be used to evaluate the changes of public health, appearance of city,environmental sanitation, economic development and construction investment.